In a Petition
[1] dated 24 October 2011, Perpetual Help Community Cooperative (PHCCI), through counsel, requests for the issuance of a court order to clarify and implement the exemption of cooperatives from the payment of court and sheriff’s fees pursuant to Republic Act No. 6938, as amended by Republic Act No. 9520, otherwise known as the
Philippine Cooperative Act of 2008.
PHCCI contends that as a cooperative it enjoys the exemption provided for under Section 6, Article 61 of Republic Act No. 9520, which states:
(6) Cooperatives shall be exempt from the payment of all court and sheriff’s fees payable to the Philippine Government for and in connection with all actions brought under this Code, or where such actions is brought by the Authority before the court, to enforce the payment of obligations contracted in favor of the cooperative.
It claims that this was a reiteration of Section 62, paragraph 6 of Republic Act No. 6938,
An Act to Ordain a Cooperative Code of the Philippines,[2] and was made basis for the Court’s Resolution in A.M. No. 03-4-01-0, as well as of Office of the Court Administrator (OCA) Circular No. 44-2007.
[3]It avers that despite the exemptions granted by the aforesaid laws and issuances, PHCCI had been continuously assessed and required to pay legal and other fees whenever it files cases in court.
PHCCI reports that it filed with the Office of the Executive Judge of the Municipal Trial Court in Cities (MTCC), Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental, a Motion to implement the exemption of cooperatives from the payment of court and sheriff’s fees in cases filed before the courts in his jurisdiction, but the Executive Judge ruled that the matter is of national concern and should be brought to the attention of the Supreme Court for it to come up with a straight policy and uniform system of collection. In the meantime, the MTCC has continued the assessment of filing fees against cooperatives.
Records reveal that on 21 September 2011, Executive Judge Antonio Estoconing (Executive Judge Estoconing), MTCC, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental, issued an Order treating the motion filed by PHCCI as a mere
consulta considering that no main action was filed in his court. Executive Judge Estoconing submits that he had second thoughts in considering the exemption in view of the guidelines laid down in the Rules. He reported that many cases filed by PHCCI are small claims cases and under Section 8 of the Rule on Small Claims, the plaintiff is required to pay docket fees and other related costs unless he is allowed to litigate the case as an indigent.
Hence, this Petition.
Before this Court is the issue on whether cooperatives are exempt from the payment of court and sheriff’s fees. The fees referred to are those provided for under Rule 141 (Legal Fees) of the Rules of Court.
The term “all court fees” under Section 6, Article 61 of Republic Act No. 9520 refers to the totality of “legal fees” imposed under Rule 141 of the Rules of Court as an incident of instituting an action in court.
[4] These fees include filing or docket fees, appeal fees, fees for issuance of provisional remedies, mediation fees, sheriff’s fees, stenographer’s fees and commissioner’s fees.
[5]With regard to the term “sheriff’s fees,” this Court, in an extended minute Resolution dated 1 September 2009, held that the exemptions granted to cooperatives under Section 2, paragraph 6 of Republic Act No. 6938; Section 6, Article 61 of Republic Act No. 9520; and OCA Circular No. 44-2007 clearly do not cover the amount required “to defray the actual travel expenses of the sheriff, process server or other court-authorized person in the service of summons, subpoena and other court processes issued relative to the trial of the case,”
[6] which are neither considered as court and sheriff’s fees nor are amounts payable to the Philippine Government.
[7]In fine, the 1 September 2009 Resolution exempted the cooperatives from court fees but not from sheriff’s fees/expenses.
On 11 February 2010, however, the Supreme Court
En Banc issued a Resolution in A.M. No. 08-2-01-0,
[8] which denied the petition of the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) for recognition of its exemption from payment of legal fees imposed under Section 22 of Rule 141 of the Rules of Court. In the GSIS case, the Court citing
Echegaray v. Secretary of Justice,
[9] stressed that the 1987 Constitution molded an even stronger and more independent judiciary; took away the power of Congress to repeal, alter, or supplement rules concerning pleading, practice and procedure; and held that the power to promulgate these Rules is no longer shared by the Court with Congress, more so, with the Executive,
[10] thus:
Since the payment of legal fees is a vital component of the rules promulgated by this Court concerning pleading, practice and procedure, it cannot be validly annulled, changed or modified by Congress. As one of the safeguards of this Court’s institutional independence, the power to promulgate rules of pleading, practice and procedure is now the Court’s exclusive domain. That power is no longer shared by this Court with Congress, much less with the Executive.[11]
x x x x
The separation of powers among the three co-equal branches of our government has erected an impregnable wall that keeps the power to promulgate rules of pleading, practice and procedure within the sole province of this Court. The other branches trespass upon this prerogative if they enact laws or issue orders that effectively repeal, alter or modify any of the procedural rules promulgated by this Court. Viewed from this perspective, the claim of a legislative grant of exemption from the payment of legal fees under Section 39 of R.A. 8291 necessarily fails.
Congress could not have carved out an exemption for the GSIS from the payment of legal fees without transgressing another equally important institutional safeguard of the Court’s independence - fiscal autonomy.[12] Fiscal autonomy recognizes the power and authority of the Court to levy, assess and collect fees,[13] including legal fees. Moreover, legal fees under Rule 141 have two basic components, the Judiciary Development Fund (JDF) and the Special Allowance for the Judiciary Fund (SAJF).[14] The laws which established the JDF and SAJF[15] expressly declare the identical purpose of these funds to guarantee the independence of the Judiciary as mandated by the Constitution and public policy.[16] Legal fees therefore do not only constitute a vital source of the Court’s financial resources but also comprise an essential element of the Court’s fiscal independence. Any exemption from the payment of legal fees granted by Congress to government-owned or controlled corporations and local government units will necessarily reduce the JDF and the SAJF. Undoubtedly, such situation is constitutionally infirm for it impairs the Court’s guaranteed fiscal autonomy and erodes its independence.[17]
In a decision dated 26 February 2010 in
Baguio Market Vendors Multi-Purpose Cooperative (BAMARVEMPCO) v. Cabato-Cortes,[18] this Court reiterated its ruling in the GSIS case when it denied the petition of the cooperative to be exempted from the payment of legal fees under Section 7(c) of Rule 141 of the Rules of Court relative to fees in petitions for extra-judicial foreclosure.
On 10 March 2010, relying again on the GSIS ruling, the Court
En Banc issued a resolution clarifying that the National Power Corporation is not exempt from the payment of legal fees.
[19]With the foregoing categorical pronouncements of the Supreme Court, it is evident that the exemption of cooperatives from payment of court and sheriff’s fees no longer stands. Cooperatives can no longer invoke Republic Act No. 6938, as amended by Republic Act No. 9520, as basis for exemption from the payment of legal fees.
WHEREFORE, in the light of the foregoing premises, the petition of PHCCI requesting for this Court to issue an order clarifying and implementing the exemption of cooperatives from the payment of court and sheriff’s fees is hereby
DENIED.
The Office of the Court Administrator is
DIRECTED to issue a circular clarifying that cooperatives are not exempt from the payment of the legal fees provided for under Rule 141 of the Rules of Court.
SO ORDERED.Corona, C.J., Carpio, Velasco, Jr., Leonardo-De Castro, Brion, Peralta, Bersamin, Abad, Villarama, Jr., Mendoza, Sereno, Reyes, and
Perlas-Bernabe, JJ., concur.
Del Castillo, J., on leave.
[1] Records, pp. 9-13.
[2] xxx (6) Cooperatives shall be exempt from the payment of all court and sheriff’s fees payable to the Philippine Government for and in connection with all actions brought under this Code, or where such actions is brought by the Cooperative Development Authority before the court, to enforce the payment of obligations contracted in favor of the cooperative.
[3] For your information and guidance, the Court En Banc in its Resolution dated 15 July 2003, issued in A.M. No. 03-4-01-0, Resolved to EXEMPT the cooperatives from the payment of all court and sheriff’s fees payable to the Philippine Government for and in connection with all actions brought under Republic Act No. 6938 or the Cooperative Development Code of the Philippines, or where such action is brought by the Cooperative Development Authority before the court, to enforce the payment of obligations contracted in favor of the cooperative.
In connection therewith the following guidelines shall be observed:
(a) All actions brought before the Court are filed by the duly elected officers of the cooperative in the name of or for and on behalf of the cooperative;
(b) All actions brought before the Court are filed pursuant to the pertinent provisions of Republic Act No. 6938 also known as the Cooperative Code of the Philippines but shall be limited only to enforce the payment of obligations contracted in favor of cooperative, otherwise cooperatives will not be exempt from payment of pertinent fees.
[4] “Legal fees” as defined in Section 1, paragraph (d) of Article II of A.M. No. 08-11-7-SC (IRR) Rule on the Exemption from the Payment of Legal Fees of the Clients of the National Committee on Legal Aid (NCLA) and of the Legal Aid Offices in the Local Chapters of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP) as approved by the Supreme Court on 25 August 2009.
[5] Id.
[6] Section 10, Rule 141 of the Rules of Court.
[7] A.M. No. 03-4-01-0. Exemption of Cooperatives from Payment of Court and Sheriff’s Fees Payable to the Government in Actions Brought under Republic Act No. 6938.
[8] Re: Petition for Recognition of the Exemption of the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) for Payment of Legal Fees, A.M. No. 08-2-01-0, 11 February 2010, 612 SCRA 193.
[9] 361 Phil. 73 (1999).
10 Id. at 88.
[11] Re: Petition for Recognition of the Exemption of the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) for Payment of Legal Fees, supra note 8 at 206 citing Echegaray v. Secretary of Justice, supra note 9 at 88-89.
[12] Re: Petition for Recognition of the Exemption of the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) for Payment of Legal Fees,id. at 209 citing Section 3, Article VIII of the Constitution, “[t]he Judiciary shall enjoy fiscal autonomy.”
[13] Id., citing
Bengzon v. Drilon, G.R. No. 103524, 15 April 1992, 208 SCRA 133, 150.
[14] Id. See Amended Administrative Circular No. 35-2004 dated 20 August 2004 (
Guideline in the Allocation of the Legal Fees Collected Under Rule 141of the Rules of Court, as Amended, between the [SAJF] and the [JDF]).
[15] Id. Presidential Decree No. 1949 and Republic Act No. 9227.
[16] Id. Sec. 1 of Presidential Decree No. 1949 provides:
Sec. 1. There is hereby established a [JDF], hereinafter referred to as the Fund, for the benefit of the members and personnel of the Judiciary to help ensure and guarantee the independence of the Judiciary as mandated by the Constitution and public policy and required by the impartial administration of justice.
Sec. 1 of Republic Act 9227 provides:
Sec. 1.
Declaration of Policy. – It is hereby declared a policy of the State to adopt measures to guarantee the independence of the Judiciary as mandated by the Constitution and public policy and to ensure impartial administration of justice, as well as an effective and efficient system worthy of public trust and confidence.
[17] Id. at 210.
[18] G.R. No. 165922, 26 February 2010, 613 SCRA 733.
[19] In Re: Exemption of the National Power Corporation from Payment of Filing/Docket Fees, A.M. No. 05-10-20-SC, 10 March 2010, 615 SCRA 1.
