420 Phil. 713
PANGANIBAN, J.:
"WHEREFORE, finding accused JOSE VIRREY guilty beyond reasonable doubt of having committed the crime of rape as charged in the Information and defined and penalized under Article 335 of the Revised Penal Code, as amended by R.A. 7659, the Court hereby sentences him (1) to suffer the penalty of death; (2) to pay the complainant the sum of P50,000.00 as moral damages and P30,000.00 as exemplary damages; and (3) to pay the costs.[2]The Complaint[3] against appellant, subscribed and sworn to by Madelyn Virrey y Besario before Assistant City Prosecutor Danilo B. Vargas, was filed on September 18, 1996. It reads as follows:
"That on or about the 15th day of September, 1996, in Quezon City, Philippines, the said accused father of herein complainant/MADELYN VIRREY Y BESARIO, with lewd design and by means of force and intimidation, did then and there willfully, unlawfully and feloniously have sexual intercourse with said complainant/MADELYN VIRREY Y BESARIO, a minor, 13 years old, without her consent and against her will, to her damage and prejudice in such amount as may be awarded to her under the provisions of law."When arraigned on October 1, 1996, appellant, with the assistance of his counsel de oficio, pleaded "not guilty."[4] In due course, he was tried and found guilty of raping his 13-year old daughter.
"On September 15, 1996 at around 3:00 o'clock in the afternoon, Madelyn Virrey, thirteen-year old daughter of appellant Jose Virrey and Lolita Virrey, was at their house at No. 35, Sta. Isabel St., Villareal Gulod, Novaliches, Quezon City taking care of her six-month old brother. Thereupon, her father approached her from behind, fondled her breasts, kissed her on the mouth and asked her to remove her panties. Madelyn complied because she was afraid that appellant, who was then drunk, would hit her with a thick piece of wood as he always did when he was drunk. Afterwards, appellant asked her to lie down and she got scared as appellant removed his clothes and went on top of her; kissed her on the lips and made up and down motions with his buttocks when he inserted his penis in her vagina which caused her to feel pain and cry.
"Madelyn did not fight her father as she was afraid of him but she tried evading his kisses on her mouth but he held her hand. She was crying but she did not shout because she was afraid that her father would again hit her while her mother was in the market. Apart from Madelyn, her father, and her six-month old brother, her three (3) other younger brothers aged nine (9) seven (7) and five (5) years old were also inside the house.
"Meanwhile, Madelyn's eleven year-old paternal cousin Angelita Ponce, daughter of appellant's sister, who lived a few streets away at Villareal St., Brgy. Gulod, Novaliches, Quezon City had entered Madelyn's house to invite her cousin to play with her. While she was in the kitchen part of the house which also served as the sala, she heard the voice of appellant from the enclosed portion of the house which served as the bedroom but which did not have a door which caused her to peep inside. Thereupon, she saw appellant who was naked, except for his shorts pulled down to his knees, on top of his daughter Madelyn, kissing her while his hands were on the floor near Madelyn's shoulders. Angelita stood watching her uncle doing it for about a minute but she got nervous and ran away when the wind blew stronger.
"Angelita then left to look for her cousin Tawe and upon seeing him asked him to go with her and show him how 'si kuya Lito (appellant) inaano si Lenlen.' Tawe did not believe Angelita so the latter asked him to go with her to Madelyn's house but when they arrived there, they saw that Madelyn was already feeling pain while she was urinating.
"Thereafter, Angelita told Tawe that they should leave and Tawe told her they should report the matter to their grandmother who was the mother of appellant.
"Angelita then reported the matter to their grandmother who did not believe her but upon Angelita's insistence, she accompanied Angelita and Tawe to the house of appellant and Madelyn. When the three of them arrived at appellant's house, appellant was clad only in his pants while carrying a knife which scared off Angelita and Tawe who both ran back to their grandmother's house. Angelita and Tawe later learned that appellant proceeded to the house of one Mang Amang. Consequently, they returned to the house of Madelyn where the latter and their grandmother were both crying which caused Angelita to also cry.
"Their grandmother then told Angelita to fetch 'Ate Lolit' (Lolita Virrey) Madelyn's mother, at the market at Bayan, Novaliches where she was engaged in vending. Subsequently, Angelita informed Lolita Virrey about what happened and the latter could not believe it but Angelita convinced her to believe and thereafter, Lolita proceeded home where she chanced upon Madelyn outside the house crying. Upon her arrival at her home, Lolita Virrey then asked her crying daughter what had happened and she told her mother that she was raped by her 'Papa'. Afterwards, Lolita went to the Novaliches Police Station where she filed a complaint against appellant.
"The police accompanied Lolita Virrey to her house but appellant, her common law husband, was not there. The police left and searched for appellant who was eventually apprehended by SPO3 Atanacio Quirojica. On the same day, Ferdinand Parinas of the Novaliches Police Station prepared a Request for Laboratory Examination of the person of the victim. On September 16, 1996, Madelyn Virrey and her mother Lolita Besario Virrey executed their separate statements on the incident before PO1 Ferdinand Parinas.
"He first took the statement of Madelyn who told him that she was raped by her father. Madelyn told PO1 Ferdinand Parinas that while she was carrying her youngest brother, her father who was also there touched her breasts and kissed her and ordered her to remove her underwear. Madelyn also told him she was raped by her father. In her sworn statement, Madelyn in reply to the Question No. 10, 'Ilan beses kang ginalaw ng tatay mo?', stated 'Sagot: Tatlong beses na po'. She stated that the three (3) times she mentioned included the incident on September 16, 1996.
"Thereafter, PO1 Parinas took the statement of Lolita Virrey, Madelyn's mother. Subsequently, the police instructed Lolita Virrey to submit her daughter Madelyn for medical examination.
"In accordance with the 'Request for Laboratory Examination dated September 15, 1996,' Dr. Emmanuel Aranas, medico-legal officer of the PNP Crime Laboratory conducted a medical examination on the person of Madelyn Virrey. He conducted a general, extra-genital and genital examination of Madelyn Virrey. The extra-genital examination pertained to the examination of the reproductive system of the subject in reference to the external aspect while the genital examination is specific on the genitals of the subject including the internal examination.
"After conducting the aforesaid physical examination of Madelyn Virrey, Dr. Aranas reduced his findings in writing in the Medico-Legal Report No. N-1765-96. It reads as follows:'There is absence of pubic hair. Labia majora are full, convex and gaping with the pinkish brown, hypetrophied (sic) labia minora presenting in between. On separating(,) the same disclosed an elastic fleshy-type hymen, with shallow healed laceration at 3 o'clock and deep healed laceration at 6 o'clock. External vaginal orifice offers strong resistance to the introduction of the examining index finger and the virgin-sized vaginal speculum. Vaginal canal is narrow with prominent rugosites. Cervix is normal in size, color and consistency.'"Based on said findings, Dr. Aranas concluded that the subject is in a non-virgin state physically and there are no external signs of application of any form of violence. When asked about the lacerations, he replied that the same could have been caused by an erect male sex organ or any hard blunt object that can be accommodated by the hymen.
"During his cross-examination by appellant's counsel, Dr. Aranas stated that the healed lacerations means they were inflicted prior to the examination. On re-direct, Dr. Aranas stated that the lacerations cannot exclude the possibility that there was sexual intercourse with the victim on September 15, 1996." (Citations omitted)
"Defense' evidence tends to show that on September 15, 1996, Jose Virrey held the hands of his daughter Madelyn and let her held [sic] his penis. Then he placed his penis between Madelyn's legs. He also kissed his daughter and mashed her breast. When he asked his daughter to hold his penis, the latter and himself were wearing clothes."[7] (Citations omitted)
"The trial court gravely erred in convicting the accused-appellant of rape despite failure of the prosecution to prove his guilt beyond reasonable doubt."In other words, the main issue in this case is whether the evidence presented by the prosecution sufficiently proves beyond reasonable doubt the crime charged.
"Q. While you were taking care of your youngest brother, can you recall if there was any incident that happened?A. Yes, sir.Q. What is this incident?A. He approached me from behind.Q. To whom are you referring when you said 'he'?A. My papa, ma'am.Q. And who is this papa?A. Jose, ma'am.Q. The same accused whom you earlier identified?A. Yes, ma'am.Q. When he approached you from behind what did he do if any?A. He touched me, ma'am. He fondled my breast.Q. With what hand?A. His left hand, ma'am.Q. Then after? Which of your breast did he fondle?A. (Witness pointing to her left breast) This one, ma'am.Q. After that what happened next, if any?A. He kissed me, ma'am.Q. What part of your body did he kiss?A. On the mouth.Q. What was his position at the time when he kissed you?A. He faced me, ma'am.Q. While facing you, he kissed you?A. Yes, ma'am.Q. Now, after he kissed, what happened next if any?A. He asked me to remove my panties, ma'am.Q. When he asked you remove your panties, what did you do, if any?A. I removed my panties.Q. Why?A. Because I was afraid of him, ma'am.Q. Why were you afraid of him?A. Because he was drunk at that time.Q. Why, what does the accused do when he is drunk?A. He would hit me, ma'am.Q. With what object or what would he use in hitting you?A. A piece of wood, ma'am.Q. What kind of wood?A. Thick one, sir.Q. How long?A. Twenty-six inches.Q. By the way, Madam Witness, what did you do when he fondled your breast?A. I got scared, ma'am.Q. When you got scared, what did you do?A. Nothing, ma'am.Q. Why?A. Because I was afraid of him.Q. Why were you afraid?A. Because he would always get drunk and he would always hit us.Q. When you removed your panties as you earlier testified, what happened next, if any?A. He asked me to lie down.Q. Did you lie down?A. Yes, ma'am.Q. Why?A. Because I got scared of him.Q. After lying down, what happened next, if any?A. He also removed his clothes, ma'am.Q. Now, after removing his clothes, what happened?A. He went on top of me, ma'am.Q. When he went on top of you, what happened next, if any?A. He was kissing me on the lips, ma'am.Q. What else aside from kissing you on the lips, what else did he do if any?A. He was moving, ma'am.Q. What kind of movement was he doing?A. He was moving up and down me. (Witness gesturing with her hand in an up and down motion).Q. When you say up and down motion, what part of his body was moving on an up-and-down motion?A. His b[u]ttocks.Q. While he was doing this up and down motion what did you feel, if any?A. It was painful, ma'am.Q. What part of your body was painful?A. My genital, ma'am.Q. What caused the pain?A. His genital, ma'am.Q. Why, where was his genital at that time?A. It was in my genital. Vagina.Q. So his penis was inside your vagina? ATTY. MALABO: That is already leading, your Honor. COURT: Private part. You clarify. FISCAL:Q. What do you mean by that?A. He inserted.Q. What did he insert?A. His penis, ma'am.Q. Where did he insert his penis?A. Into my vagina, ma'am.Q And this was during the time when he was making his up and down motion when his buttocks was doing up and down motion?A. Yes, ma'am.Q. Now, what did you do when you felt pain in your vagina?A. I was crying, ma'am.Q. Did you fight your father during that time?A. No, sir.Q. Why?A I was afraid of him, ma'am.Q. And why were you afraid of him?A. Because he was drunk.Q. So what will he do to you if he was drunk?A. He would hit me, sir."[12]
"x x x The burden to prove the minority age of the victim is on the prosecution. As minority age is a qualifying circumstance, it must be proven beyond reasonable doubt. Using this unbending yardstick, the death penalty was not imposed by this Court in cases where there was no evidence at all of the minority age of the victim or where the evidence was weak, unreliable and insufficient."In People v. Bawang,[20] the death penalty was reduced to reclusion perpetua because "while the offended party averred that she was fourteen years old at the time, she presented no birth certificate to substantiate the averment."