HERNANDO, J.:
RESOLVED, as it is hereby resolved that the company HAFTI TOURS, INC, open and maintain a dollar and peso account with GLOBAL BANK, ERMITA BRANCH, and that only four individuals (joint signatories from (sic) A and specimen B or in the absence of the (sic) one of the signatories from specimens A and B, jointly with any one from specimen C are authorized to deposit in and withdraw from said bank account, and to sign any and all documents, slips or instruments required in the implementation of the foregoing appointment and authority. The corporation appoints and authorizes:Upon approval of the conversion of the spouses Wu's dollar time deposit, the PRA, on September 9, 2002, deposited the peso equivalent thereof i.e., P4,622,508.00, to HTI's deposit account with Metrobank.[9] However, HTI failed to issue the promised shares of stock in Eric and Chen's names.[10]
Specimen A Specimen B WU CHUN DAPHNY CHEN Specimen C SANDRA G. DY JENNIFER T. LIM
That this resolution is a continuing one with full force, and effect unless revoked or amended by a resolution of directors (sic) or until a change is made in the name/s of the person/s authorized to sign in behalf of the corporation, in which case, a copy of the resolution shall be forwarded to the party concerned.Sgd. SANDRA G. DY
Corporate Secretary[8]
That on or about the period comprising the year 2002, in Pasay City, Metro Manila, Philippines, and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above-named accused, conspiring and confederating together and mutually helping one another, and who while being both authorized signatories of private complainant Hafti Tours Inc.'s Metrobank Checking Account No. 610-00252-4 represented by Jennifer T. Lim, and as such were entrusted with the funds thereon with the specific obligation to disburse only duly authorized expenditures, but said accused, with intent to defraud and in breach of trust and confidence reposed upon them by [HTI], did then and there willfully, unlawfully and feloniously misapply, misappropriate and convert to their own use and benefit the amount of Php17,524.00 by drawing and issuing using [HTI's] aforesaid Metrobank corporate check no. 6100011274 dated February 12, 2003, amounting to [P]17,524.00 in favor of Manila Montessori Children's School Foundation Inc. as tuition fee payment of accused's son Primo, and despite demands made upon them, both accused refused and failed and still refuse and fail to reimburse or return the aforesaid amount, to the damage and prejudice of private complainant in the same total of Php17,524.00Criminal Case No. 07-0254-CFM:
Contrary to law.[11]
That on or about the 3rd day of October 2002, in Pasay City, Metro Manila, Philippines and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above-named accused, conspiring and confederating together and mutually helping one another and who, while being both authorized signatories of private complainant Hafti Tours Inc.'s Global Bank Checking Account No. 040-282-00114-0 represented by Jennifer Lim, and as such were entrusted with the funds thereon with the specific obligation to disburse only duly authorized expenditures, but said accused with intent to defraud and in breach of trust and confidence reposed upon them by [HTI], did then and there willfully, unlawfully and feloniously misapply, misappropriate and convert to their own use and benefit the amount of [P]291,000.00 and despite demands made upon them to return said amount both accused refused and failed and still refuse and fail to return the aforesaid amount, to the damage and prejudice of [HTI] in the amount of [F]291,000.00.Previous thereto, HTI filed seven criminal complaints against the Wus before the Office of the City Prosecutor, Parañaque City, involving the same checks, including those with payable amounts of P291,000.00 and P17,524.00, which were ultimately dismissed on the ground of duplicity of offenses charged.[13] The dismissal was brought up to the Department of Justice (DOJ), the CA and this Court in G.R. No. 196066 which affirmed the Parañaque City Prosecutor's Office's dismissal of the complaints with finality.[14]
Contrary to law."[12]
In the present case, [petitioners] stand trial for allegedly misappropriating the amount of P17,524.00 evidenced by the same check used in prosecuting them in the prior case that was already dismissed with finality. Very clearly, the prior case and the present case involved the prosecution of the same check No. 6100011274, should be allowed (sic).Meanwhile, the April 2, 2007 Order of the RTC Branch 114 in Criminal Case No. 07-0254-CFM holds:
[Petitioners] should not be harassed with various prosecution based on the same act splitting the same into various charges, all emanating from the same law violation, when the prosecution could easily and well embody them in a single Information (citation omitted).
With respect to the Motions to Suspend Proceedings and/or Motion to Quash, the same is rendered moot and academic.
WHEREFORE, the Motion to Quash is hereby GRANTED and the instant Information for Estafa be ordered DISMISSED,"[18]
Evaluating the evidence on record and after a careful and judicious study of the respective allegations of the parties in this case, the Court finds the subject Motion To Quash Information to be well-taken and meritorious as well. The Court concurs with [petitioners] that there is duplicity of offenses charged in this case. The records will show that [petitioners] stand charged for Estafa covering Global Bank Check No. 0000054700 dated October 3, 2002 in the amount of Php291,000.00. However, this check was already presented in evidence by the complainant Hafti Tours Inc. involving prior prosecution against [petitioners] before the Office of the City Prosecutor of Parañaque, Regional Trial Court of Parañaque, Department of Justice and even went up to the Court of Appeals which eventually dismissed all the criminal cases filed against [petitioners]. Likewise, the Court concurs with [petitioners] that the allegations as contained in the Information relative to this case is different from the findings of the Office of the City Prosecutor of Pasay, thus, to the mind of the Court, does not constitute the offense charged of Estafa.With the respective denials of its motions for reconsideration, HTI filed separate appeals to the CA. The succeeding events narrated by the CA follow:
In view of the foregoing, the subject Motion To Quash Information is granted; Accordingly, the Information for Estafa against [petitioners] is hereby ordered dismissed."
SO ORDERED.[19]
On February 24, 2009, appellees filed a Motion to Consolidate CA- G.R. CR No. 31921 with CA-G.R. CR No. 31063 alleging that both cases involve the same parties and the same causes of action, that the Informations in both cases were quashed by the respective trial courts, and that both cases involve evidence presented in an estafa case that was previously dismissed by the DOJ, the trial court and the Court of Appeals. [Petitioners] also filed a similar motion in CA-G.R. CR No. 31921.Notably, the Office of the Solicitor General (OSG) took conflicting positions before the CA regarding the RTC's dismissal of the criminal cases. In Criminal Case No. 07-0254-CFM appealed to the CA in CA-G.R. CR No. 31063, the OSG filed a Manifestation and Motion in Lieu of Brief adhering to the dismissal of the case because the Information failed to show how petitioners misappropriated or converted the amount of P291,000.00.[22] On the other hand, in Criminal Case No. 06-1263-CFM appealed to the CA in CA-G.R. CR No. 31921, the OSG filed an appellant's brief questioning the dismissal of the case.[23]
On May 12, 2009, this Court granted the motion filed by [petitioners] to consolidate CA-G.R. CR No. 31921 with CA-G.R. CR No. 31063, the latter having the lower docket number. The Court denied HTI's motion for the issuance of a hold departure order on the ground that the hold departure order previously issued by the RTC of Pasay City, Branch 114, has not yet been lifted. We also directed the Office of the Solicitor General (OSG) to file its comment on HTI's motion to require OSG to file a brief in behalf of the City Prosecutor of Pasay City.
On February 5, 2010, the OSG filed a Manifestation and Motion In Lieu of Brief praying for the affirmance of the Orders dated April 2, 2007 and June 18, 2007 of the Regional Trial Court of Pasay City, Branch 114, in Criminal Case No. 07-0254-CFM.[20]
x x x x
Considering that the Manifestation and Motion In Lieu of Brief filed by the OSG refers only to the assailed Orders rendered by the RTC of Pasay City, Branch 114, in Criminal Case No. 07-0254-CFM, this Court ordered both HTI and the OSG to file their respective appellant's brief in CA-G.R. CR No. 31921 assailing the Order dated December 7, 2006 issued by the RTC of Pasay City, Branch 112, in Criminal Case No. 06-1263-CFM.
On September 14, 2010, HTI filed its Appellant's Brief. On November 2, 2010, [petitioners] filed a Manifestation that they are adopting their brief in CA-G.R. CR No. 31063 filed on January 16, 2008 as their Appellees' brief in CA-G.R. CR No. 31921.
On January 25, 2011, the OSG filed its Appellant's Brief. On February 16, 2011, [petitioners] filed a Reply Brief disputing the OSG's arguments. On March 28, 2011, this Court resolved to consider [petitioners'] Reply Brief as their Appellees' Brief in relation to the Appellant's Brief filed by the OSG.[21]
WHEREFORE, premises considered, the appeal is hereby GRANTED: The assailed Order dated April 2,2007 of the Regional Trial Court of Pasay City, Branch 114, in Criminal Case No. 07-0254-CFM and the Order dated December 7, 2006 issued by the Regional Trial Court of Pasay City, Branch 112, in Criminal Case No. 06-1263-CFM are hereby REVERSED and SET ASIDE. The cases are remanded to the respective Branch of the RTC for [petitioners'] arraignment and trial.The CA ruled that there was no duplicity of offenses because both Informations separately charged a single offense of Estafa by conversion and misappropriation for each amount of P291,000.00 and P17,524.00. The CA found that the RTC, Branches 112 and 114, in sustaining the ground for duplicity of offenses, mistakenly referred to the previous prosecution of the spouses Wu in Criminal Case No. 03-1293 before the RTC, Branch 195, Parañaque City for the same charge of misappropriation with the same subject matter. The CA held that double jeopardy, or res judicata in prison grey, did not attach since the Wus were not arraigned in Criminal Case No. 13-1293 which was eventually dismissed by the RTC, Branch 195, Parañaque City.[25]
The Manifestation filed by [petitioners] Eric Wu and Daphny Chen that the Supreme Court has denied with finality the Motion for Reconsideration filed by Hafti Tours, Inc. in SC G.R. No. 196066 is NOTED.
SO ORDERED.[24]
(1) the two trial courts [RTC 112 and 114] were correct in dismissing the separate Informations filed against [petitioners] for Estafa, xxxx, based on their judicial determination of probable cause; andIn denying the motion for reconsideration for lack of merit, the CA distinguished the executive determination of probable cause for the purpose of filing of an Information before the trial court on one hand, from the judicial determination of probable cause for purposes of issuance of a warrant of arrest, on the other hand. The CA noted that the RTC Branches 112's and 114's separate quashals of the Informations specifically cited grounds which did not list lack of probable cause. Likewise, the CA saw no need to rule on the issue of prejudicial question which the spouses Wu raised for the first time only in this appeal.
(2) [petitioners] could not be prosecuted for Estafa due to the pendency of a criminal case for Estafa against HTI and its officers before the Regional Trial Court, Parañaque City, Branch 196 docketed as Criminal Case No. 09-0099 involving the same invested money of [P]4,622,508.00."[26]
The spouses Wu are adamant that the RTC Branches 112 and 114 correctly quashed the Informations based on their judicial determination of the absence of probable cause. They proffer that the trial courts ultimately dismissed the cases not only on the grounds stated in their December 7, 2006 and April 2, 2007 Orders, but on the entire absence of probable cause to prosecute the Wus for the offense of Estafa under Article 315, paragraph 1(b) of the RPC. Thus, the CA erred in remanding Criminal Case Nos. 06-1263-CFM and 07-0254-CFM to the RTC Branches 112 and 114 for trial.I
WHETHER OR NOT THE TRIAL COURT HAS THE RIGHT TO DISMISS CRIMINAL INFORMATION AFTER FINDING THE SAME TO BE INSUFFICIENT TO SUSTAIN A PROBABLE CAUSE PURSUANT TO SUPREME COURT PRONOUNCEMENT IN THE LANDMARK CASES OF ALLADO VS. DIOKNO; AND SALONGA VS. CRUZ-PAÑOII
WHETHER OR NOT VARIANCE BETWEEN THE RESOLUTION OF THE CITY PROSECUTOR AND THE ALLEGATIONS IN THE INFORMATION IS VIOLATIVE OF THE RIGHT OF ACCUSED [PETITIONERS] TO BE INFORMED OF THE NATURE AND CAUSE OF THE ACCUSATION.[27] (citations omitted)
It is axiomatic that a complaint or information must state every single fact necessary to constitute the offense charged; otherwise, a motion to dismiss/quash on the ground that it charges no offense may be properly sustained. The fundamental test in considering a motion to quash on this ground is whether the facts alleged, if hypothetically admitted, will establish the essential elements of the offense as defined in the law.Finally, the Section 4, Rule 117 of the Rules of Court specifically directs the court to give the prosecution an opportunity to correct the defect in the Information on the ground of "the facts charged do not constitute an offense." Only when "the prosecution fails to make the amendment, or the complaint or information still suffers from the same defect despite the amendment," shall the motion to quash be granted.[41]
The trial court may not consider a situation contrary to that set forth the criminal complaint or information. Facts that constitute the defense of the accused against the charge under the information must be proved by them during trial. Such facts or circumstances do not constitute proper grounds for a motion to quash the information on the ground that the material averments do not constitute the offense.
The established rule is that the character of the crime is not determined by the caption or preamble of the information or from the specification of the provision of law alleged to have been violated; the crime committed is determined by the recital of the ultimate facts and circumstances in the complaint or information.
Contrary to appellees' contentions, a reading of the two Informations will disclose that the essential elements of the offense charged are sufficiently alleged. The elements of estafa under paragraph 1 (b), Article 315 of the Revised Penal Code are: (1) the offender receives the money, goods or other personal property in trust, or on commission, or for administration, or under any other obligation involving the duty to deliver, or return, the same; (2) the offender misappropriates or converts such money or property or denies receiving such money or property; (3) the misappropriation or conversion or denial is to the prejudice of another; and 4) the offended party demands that the offender return the money or property.
In CA-G.R. CR No. 31063, the Information charged that [petitioners], while being authorized signatories of HTI's corporate checking account only for authorized expenditures, "misapplied, misappropriated and converted" to their own use and benefit the amount of P291,000.00 from the said bank account to the detriment of the said corporation. In CA-G.R. CR No. 31921, the Information similarly charged that appellees, while being authorized signatories of HTI's corporate checking account only tor authorized expenditures, drew against the said bank account to pay for the tuition fee of their son to the detriment of the corporation. These facts, as alleged in the two Information indubitably constitute the elements of estafa under Article 315, paragraph 1(b) of the RPC.
The fact that appellees' investment was deposited into HTI's corporate account does not mean that they could not be held liable for estafa, if they did in fact misappropriate the corporate fund for their personal use. The crime of estafa is committed when a person shall defraud another by any of the means mentioned in Article 315 of the Revised Penal Code. This is true whether or not such person is an officer of the corporation defrauded, as in these consolidated cases.[40]