325 Phil. 335; 93 OG No. 10, 1482 (March 10, 1997)
PANGANIBAN, J.:
"1. The Court thus refused to restrain respondent Judge from making a distribution of the estate, for the following reasons: (a) The heirs themselves do not object to a distribution; indeed, they have already submitted a project of partition; (b) Sp. Proc. No. 916-R has been pending for eighteen (18) years, during which nine (9) heirs have been waiting to receive their respective shares; (c) Of the eleven (11) lawyers who have rendered professional services in the case, only petitioner has registered any objection, the ten (10) others must be now anxious to have their fees adjudicated; (d) The case has passed through the hands of five (5) other Judges prior to respondent Judge Laya, and the records thereof have piled up to almost forty (40) volumes, hence if the case is assigned to another Judge, he will have to study the same for the first time. x x x."Accordingly, Jesus Gaboya, then administrator of the estate, continued with the implementation of the order of August 15, 1969. Consequently, in 1970 and 1971, transfer certificates of title were issued in the names of the heirs by the Register of Deeds of the City and the Province of Cebu.
1) G.R. No. 63818 - where the petitioners asked the Supreme Court to affirm the IAC’s decision disqualifying respondent Judge from taking cognizance of the probate proceedings (916-R);The issue therefore may be re-stated thus: By their filing of the third case, did petitioners engage in forum-shopping as defined by Section 17 of the Interim Rules?
2) G.R. No. 65995 - where petitioners sought to restrain and to invalidate all acts of respondent Judge after he was disqualified by the IAC;
3) AC-G.R. SP No. 03409 - the origin of the instant petition in this Court, in which petitioners prayed that the respondent Court enjoin respondent Judge from further taking cognizance of the probate proceedings (916-R).
"Since G.R. No. L-65995 (Petra Borromeo, et al. vs. Hon. Francisco P. Burgos, etc., et al.), seeks to invalidate any and all proceedings and acts taken by the respondent Court subsequent to March 1, 1983, it clearly covers and includes the surrender to, and the cancellation by, the respondent Court, of the above enumerated certificates of title, which is an act by the respondent judge subsequent to March 1, 1983. The order (was) issued February 23, 1984.The appellate court also noted that the issues raised by petitioners are clearly premature for if the disqualification of Judge Burgos be affirmed in G.R. No. 63818, then it would certainly follow that all the acts taken by the said judge shall be invalidated for lack of legal authority.
"Specifically, the questioned order of February 23, 1984, listed among the incidents pending at the time the said Supreme Court petition was filed, in December, 1983, the following:"’10. Motion for the surrender and subsequent cancellation of all the titles transferred in the names of the heirs at the instance of Jose Borromeo.’ (p. 25, rollo; italics supplied)"Should the Supreme Court act affirmatively on G.R. No. L-65995, its judgment would nullify the respondent Judge’s order of February 23, 1984 precisely because it is covered by the aforesaid petition in G.R. No. L-65995. Incidentally, when this petition was filed, the petitioners (that, included the present petitioner, Jose Cuenco Borromeo) asked the Court to issue a restraining order, which the Supreme Court however, did not grant. This enabled the respondent judge to act on the pending motion to require the surrender and the cancellation of the subject certificates of title (which were allegedly illegally transferred in the names of the heirs, at the instance of Jose Cuenco Borromeo, Petra Borromeo and Vitaliana Borromeo). The order of February 23, 1984 thus granted the motion for surrender and cancellation of titles pending when the petition in G.R. No. L-65995 was filed.
"The conclusion is, therefore, inevitable, that this petition is not only similar to, but is truly, and actually covered by the petition in G.R. No. L-65995, Section 17 of the Interim Rules of Court reads, as follows:"‘17. Petitions for writs of certiorari, etc. -No petition for certiorari, mandamus, prohibition, habeas corpus or quo warranto may be filed in the Intermediate Appellate Court if another similar petition has been filed or is still pending in the Supreme Court. Nor may such petition be filed in the Supreme Court if a similar petition has been filed or is still pending in the Intermediate Appellate Court, unless it be to review the action taken by the Intermediate Appellate Court on the petition filed with it. A violation of this rule shall constitute contempt of court and shall be a cause for the summary dismissal of both petitions. Without prejudice to the taking of appropriate action against the counsel or party concerned.’"Since this petition is not only similar to, but clearly an integral part of the pending petition in G.R. No. L-65995, Section 17 of the Interim Rules of Court has been violated.
"The penalty for violating the said Section 17 of the said Interim Rules, is ‘summary dismissal.’ It violates the rule against multiplicity of suits. The petitioners should have waited the termination of his petition in G.R. No. L-65995 by the Supreme Court; or, he could have submitted a supplemental pleading therein alleging the matters in the instant petition."[3]
"WHEREFORE, it is most respectfully prayed this Petition be given due course and a restraining order be immediately issued commanding the respondents to cease and desist from implementing the questioned orders (Annexes C and D) and from taking further cognizance of Sp. Proc. No. 916-R pending termination of this case and, after due deliberation a decision be rendered -Acting on the petition in G.R. No. 63818, this Court considered the issue of the disqualification of Judge Burgos as having been rendered moot and academic by the retirement of Judge Burgos from the judiciary in 1986. However, in G.R. No. 65995, the Court granted the petition which sought to restrain the respondents from further acting on any and all incidents in Special Proceedings No. 916-R during the pendency of G.R. No. 63818 and G.R. No. 65995; and, which (petition) also prayed that "all acts of the respondents related to the said special proceedings after March 1, 1983 when the respondent Judge was disqualified by the appellate court be declared null and void and without force and effect whatsoever."
"a) declaring the said two orders null and void and without force and effect.
"b) ordering the respondent Judge to cease and desist from further taking cognizance of Sp. Proc. No. 916-R, and
"c) directing the respondents to respect the Rule of law.
"Petitioners further pray for such other relief and remedy consistent in the premises."[5]
"Section 17 of the Interim Rules and Guidelines issued by the Court on 11 January 1983, relative to the implementation of Section 9 of B.P. 129, granting the intermediate Appellate Court (now the Court of Appeals) equal original jurisdiction to issue the extraordinary writs of certiorari, prohibition, etc., whether or not in aid of its appellate jurisdiction, provides that if such a petition is filed before the Court of Appeals and is still pending therein, a similar petition cannot be filed in the Supreme Court. A violation of this rule has also been considered a clear case of forum shopping, an act of malpractice proscribed as trifling with the courts and abusing their processes. The Rule itself provides that a violation thereof constitutes: (1) cause for the summary dismissal of both petitions; and (2) contempt of court for which the party or counsel concerned may be held accountable." (citing Resolution of July 31, 1986, in G.R. No. 75197, E. Razon, Inc., et al. vs. Philippine Ports Authority, et al.; reiterated in Buan vs. Lopez, Jr., 145 SCRA 34, 38-39 [October 13, 1986], and in Alonto, Jr. vs. Memoracion [En Banc], 185 SCRA 73, 78-79 [May 7, 1990], and likewise in Benguet Electric Cooperative, Inc. vs. National Electrification Administration, 193 SCRA 250, 255-256 [January 23, 1991].)Forum shopping as "the filing of repetitious suits in different courts” has been condemned by Justice Andres R. Narvasa (now Chief Justice) in Minister of Natural Resources, et al. vs. Heirs of Orval Hughes, et al., "as a reprehensible manipulation of court processes and proceedings x x x."[7] Indeed, forum shopping is reprehensible; it unduly burdens courts as it needlessly delays proceedings. In condemning it, the Court said in a recent case[8]:
"Ultimately, what is truly important to consider in determining whether forum-shopping exists or not is the vexation caused the courts and parties-litigant by a party who asks different courts to rule on the same or related causes and/or to grant the same or substantially the same reliefs, in the process creating the possibility of conflicting decisions being rendered by the different fora upon the same issue."WHEREFORE, the instant petition for review on certiorari is DENIED and the questioned decision of the Intermediate Appellate Court is AFFIRMED. Counsel for petitioners, Basilio E. Duaban of Jose S. Amadora and Associates, is ADMONISHED and WARNED that similar acts of forum shopping shall be dealt with more severely. A copy of this Decision shall be attached to the records of Atty. Duaban in the Office of the Bar Confidant.