349 Phil. 65
PANGANIBAN, J.:
“WHEREFORE, premises considered, the appealed decision is hereby declared VACATED and the entire records of these cases are hereby ordered remanded to the Regional Arbitration Branch VII for further proceedings.”This petition also challenges the NLRC’s May 29, 1992 Resolution denying the motion for reconsideration.
“WHEREFORE, judgment is hereby rendered in favor of the complainants and against the respondent. The respondent is hereby ordered:
1. To reinstate the complainants to their respective position [sic] at the Agencia Cebuana with full backwages without qualification; if reinstatement is not feasible, for one reason or another, to pay to the complainants their respective separation pay, service incentive leave pay with full backwages without qualification computed hereunder as follows:
1. LEIDEN FERNANDEZ: a) Separation Pay for 6 years = P 8,640.00 b) Service Incentive Leave (6 yrs.) = 3,322.50c) Backwages for one year only = 34,560.00 TOTAL= P 46,522.502. GLORIA ADRIANO: a) Separation pay for 17 years = P 28,560.00b) Service incentive leave (17 yrs.) = 10,986.25c) Backwages for one year = 40,320.00 TOTAL= P 79,866.253. EMELIA NEGAPATAN: a) Separation pay for 24 yrs. = P 35,760.00b) Service incentive leave (24 yrs.) = 13,752.00c) Backwages for one year = 35,760.00 TOTAL= P 85,272.004. JESUS P. TOMONGHA: a) Separation pay for 33 years = P 50,655.00b) Service Incentive leave = 19,478.25c) Backwages for one year = 36,840.00 TOTAL= P106,973.255. ELEONOR QUIÑANOLA: a) Separation pay for 14 years = P20,860.00b) Service Incentive Leave = 8,022.00c) Backwages for one year = 35,760.00 TOTAL= P 64,642.006. ASTERIA CAMPO: a) Separation pay for 13 years = P19,240.00b) Service Incentive Leave (13 yrs.) = 7,400.00c) Backwages for one year = 35,520.00 TOTAL= P62,160.257. FLORIDA VILLACERAN: a) Separation pay for 17 yrs. = P25,160.00b) Service Incentive leave (17 yrs.) = 9,677.25c) Backwages for one year = 35,520.00 TOTAL= P 70,357.258. FLORIDA TALLEDO: a) Separation pay for 18 yrs. = P 27,450.00b) Service Incentive leave (18 yrs.) = 10,557.00c) Backwages for one year = 36,600.00 TOTAL= P 74,607.009. BRENDA GADIANO: a) Separation pay for 13 yrs. = P19,597.50b) Service Incentive leave (13 yrs.) 7,536.75c) Backwages for one year 36,180.00 TOTAL= P 63,313.2510. MARILYN LIM: a) Separation pay for 7 yrs. = P12,950.00b) Service Incentive for 7 yrs. = 4,980.50c) Backwages for one year = 44,400.00 TOTAL P 62,330.0011. JOSEPH CANONIGO: a) Separation Pay for 2 years = P 2,700.00b) Service Incentive Leave (2 yrs.) = 1,038.50c) Backwages for 1 year = 32,400.00 TOTAL= P 36,138.50
2) To pay to all complainants the amount of P100,000.00 for moral damages and the amount of another P100,000.00 for exemplary damages, plus the amount of P98,018.25 as attorney’s fees representing 10% of the total award and the amount of P30,000.00 for litigation expenses.
The totality of the award amounting to P1,078,200.55 must be deposited with this Office ten (10) days from receipt of this decision for further disposition. However, the payment of backwages will be computed as of the actual date of payment provided it will not exceed a period of three years.”
“1. The instant case stemmed from a consolidated complaint against private respondents Agencia Cebuana-H. Lhuillier and/or Margueritte Lhuillier (Lhuillier) for illegal dismissal (Rec., pp. 56-58). The Agencia Cebuana is a sole proprietorship operated by Margueritte Lhuillier.On August 30, 1991, the labor arbiter rendered a decision in favor of petitioners. On appeal, Respondent NLRC vacated the labor arbiter’s order and remanded the case for further proceedings. It subsequently denied the motion for reconsideration.
2. Two (2) Position Papers were filed by petitioners, one by Leiden E. Fernandez, Gloria B. Adriano, Emilia A. Negapatan, Jesus P. Tomongha, Eleonor A. Quiñanola, Asteria C. Ocampo [sic], Florida Villaceran, Florida B. Tallado [sic] and Brenda A. Gadiano (Rec., pp. 79-88) and the other by Marilyn E. Lim and Joseph Canonigo (Exhibit ‘C-4’).
3. In their Position Papers, petitioners alleged that they were employed by Lhuillier, as follows:
Name Position Date of
EmploymentLatest
Salary/MonthDate of Dismissal 1. Leiden E. Fernandez Cashier Dec. 3, 1984 P2,880.00 July 19, 1990 2. Gloria B. Adriano Appraiser July 10, 1973 3,360.00 July 19, 1990 3. Emilia A. Negapatan Sales Girl March 9, 1966 2,980.00 July 19, 1990 4. Jesus P. Tomongha Office Clerk July 1957 3,070.00 July 19, 1990 5. Eleonor A. Quiñanola Office Clerk Dec. 8, 1976 2,980.00 July 21, 1990 6. Asteria C. Campo Clerk May 27, 1977 2,960.00 July 19, 1990 7. Florida Villaceran Sales Clerk March 8, 1973 2,960.00 July 19, 1990 8. Florida B. Talledo Pawnshop Writer June 19, 1972 3,050.00 July 19, 1990 9. Brenda A. Gadiano Pawnshop Teller March 7, 1977 3,015.00 July 19, 1990 10. Marilyn E. Lim Branch Manager June 1984 3,700.00 Feb. 16, 1990 11. Joseph M. Canonigo Record Keeper June 1988 2,700.00 July 14, 1990
Petitioners Fernandez, Adriano, Negapatan, Tomongha, Quiñanola, Campo, Villaceran, Talledo, and Gadiano further alleged that prior to and during early July 1990, they ‘demanded’ from Margueritte Lhuillier an increase in their salaries since her business was making good and that she was evading payment of taxes by making false entries in her records of account; that Lhuillier became angry and threatened them that something would happen to their employment if they would report her to the BIR; that shortly thereafter, Lhuillier suspected them of stealing jewelry from the pawnshop; that on July 19, 1990, Lhuillier verbally informed them not to report for work as their employment had been terminated; that from July 20, 1990 they did not report for work; and on July 23, 1990, they filed the instant complaint (Rec., pp. 79-88).
On their part, petitioners Lim and Canonigo alleged that in early January 1990 and in June 1990, respectively, they demanded increases in their salaries since they noted that Lhuillier had a very lucrative business besides evading tax payments by making false entries in her records of account; that they also informed her that they intended to join the Associated Labor Union (ALU), which made Lhuillier angry, causing her to threaten them that should they report her to the BIR and join the ALU something would happen to their employment; that Lhuillier advised them to tender their resignations as they were reportedly responsible for some anomalies at the Agencia Cebuana-H Lhuillier; that Lhuillier assured them that they will be given separation pay; that they asked Lhuillier that they be allowed to confront the persons who reported to her about their supposed involvement in the alleged anomalies but she ignored it and told them to tender their respective resignations effective February 16, 1990 (for Lim) and July 14, 1990 (for Canonigo); and that they were not given separation pay (Decision, pp. 6-8; Rec., pp. 256-258).
5. In her Position Paper, Lhuillier, represented initially by Atty. Malcolm V. Seno, alleged that:a) In the case of Marilyn Lim, on January 13, 1990, she was informed that an investigation will be conducted by Lhuillier because of the report received by Flora Go, also an employee of Lhuillier, that Lim sold to a company consumer her own jewelry, in violation of the company house rules; on January 22, 1990, a Notice of Intended Termination was served upon her requiring her to submit a written explanation within 48 hours from receipt; Lim did not submit a written explanation but actively participated in the investigation where she admitted having committed the violation complained of; in view of her admission of guilt, the company lawyer recommended to the management her demotion and transfer without reduction of salary; after Lim’s receipt of a copy of the investigation report, she sent through her lawyer a letter signifying her intention to resign and her willingness to execute a promissory note for her indebtedness; the company gave Lim a draft of the promissory note which was never returned by her; on February 24, 1990 she tendered an irrevocable letter of resignation, hence, she was not terminated; and because of the malicious and false complaint filed by Lim, the company was compelled to file a counter-complaint for Perjury against her before the Office of the City Prosecutor of Cebu City (Rec., pp. 92-93; 97).6. Trial on the merits ensued and hearings were scheduled on July 5, 8, and 12, 1991.
b) In the case of Jesus Tomongha, he was found to have stolen ‘rematado’ jewelries worth P70,670.00 sometime in March 1990; instead of attending the investigation scheduled for this offense, he abandoned his job although his application for leave of absence was not approved; Lhuillier asked the company lawyer to talk with Tomongha for him to return to work so that he could pay his pecuniary liability out of his salary; Lhuillier made it a pre-condition for his return to work that he executes a promissory note for his indebtedness; on April 10, 1990, he executed a promissory note and was allowed to return to work; on July 20, 1990, he and the other petitioners, abandoned their employment; he was not dismissed but he was allowed to return to work and was only made to execute a promissory note when the company found out sometime in March 1990 that he had stolen “rematado” jewelries worth P70,670.00 (Rec., pp. 97-101).
c) In the case of the other petitioners, on July 19, 1990, Gloria Adriano was found by Flora Go to have over-declared the weights and values of certain items of jewelry pawned to the company, as a result of which, upon investigation, the pawnshop was found to have lost the amount of P174,850.00; a letter dated July 19, 1990 was served upon Adriano to explain within 72 hours why she should not be terminated; on July 20, 1990, Gloria Adriano, Florida Villaceran, Emilia Negapatan, Brenda Gadiano, Leiden Fernandez, Jesus Tomongha, Asteria Campo and Florida Talledo did not report for work although no requests for leave of absence were filed by them, which absence violated company rules; on July 21, 1990, the said employees did not report for work; another employee, Eleonor Quiñanola, also did not report for work although she did not file a request for leave of absence; on July 23, 1990 the said nine (9) employees did not report for work; because of this unusual incident, the management decided to make an inventory of the transactions in Agencia Cebuana and the ‘rematado’ diamond-studded jewelry; the inventory showed that the pawnshop incurred a considerable loss as a result of the anomalous overpricing of pawned items and the employees immediately responsible were Gloria Adriano, Florida Talledo and Leiden Fernandez, being the appraiser, writer and payer, respectively; the inventory also showed that of the ‘rematado’ diamond-studded jewelries, items worth P1,592,200.00 were lost for which Florida Villaceran and Emilia Negapatan were directly responsible, being the employees entrusted with their safekeeping; a case of Estafa was filed on July 24, 1990 before the Office of the City Prosecutor of Cebu City against Gloria Adriano, Florida Talledo, Leiden Fernandez, Asteria Campo, Brenda Gadiano, Florida Villaceran, Emilia Negapatan, and Jesus Tomongha and three (3) other unknown persons; a case of Theft was filed on August 16, 1990 with the Office of the City Prosecutor of Cebu City against Florida Villaceran and Emilia Negapatan; when Lhuillier left for Hongkong on July 19, 1990, she did not terminate the employment of Gloria Adriano nor was she advised not to report for work, although a letter was served upon her requiring her to explain within 72 hours why she should not be terminated from her employment; when Lhuillier arrived from Hongkong, she caused to be served upon the eight (8) petitioners who joined Adriano, letters dated July 25, 1990 requiring them to explain the sudden abandonment of their posts; petitioners, except Lim, instead of giving an explanation, claimed that their employment[s] were terminated on July 19, 1990; Lhuillier was prevented from pursuing any action in respect of the illegal abandonment of their work by the nine (9) petitioners because she was served with summons in the instant case; petitioners did not report for work and voluntarily abandoned their work on July 19, 1990 in order to dramatize their sympathy for Gloria Adriano, and they were not dismissed from their employment; their demand for an award of damages and attorney’s fees was unwarranted; petitioners had no cause of action against Lhuillier because they were not terminated from employment; and Quiñanola could not have been terminated from employment on July 21, 1990 because Lhuillier was in Hongkong at that time (Rec., pp. 96-108).
7. The hearing scheduled on July 5, 1991 was, however, postponed by agreement of the parties as shown in the minutes of the proceedings on July 8, 1991:
‘x x x x x x x x xREMARKS This case was scheduled for the cross-examination of the last witnesses (sic), Marilyn Lim, who is one of the complainants of this (sic) consolidated cases.8. On July 8, 1991, counsel for petitioners filed Complainants’ Formal Offer of Evidence (Rec., pp. 182-187).
The scheduled dates was (sic) July 5, 8, and 12, 1991 which dates were for the crossexamination (sic) of Marilyn Lim and for the respondents to present their evidence.
The July 5, 1991 (sic) was postponed upon aggreement [sic] of the parties and counsels and that it was aggreed (sic) the repondents (sic) counsel will cross examine Marilyn Lim on July 8, 1991 and for the respondents to present their evidence on July 12, 1991. In as much (sic) as the respondents and their counsel failed to appear today to cross-examine Marilyn Lim, we moved that the respondent be declared having waived their rights (sic) to cross-examine Marilyn Lim.’ (Rec., p. 176).
9. At the hearing scheduled on July 12, 1991, Atty. Seno and Lhuillier failed to appear. Thus, counsel for petitioners submitted the instant case for resolution (Rec., p. 181).
10. On July 18, 1991, a ‘Ruling’ was issued by Labor Arbiter Velasquez, admitting complainants’ exhibits (Rec., pp. 189-190).
11. On July 30, 1991, counsel for petitioners filed an Urgent Motion For Early Decision (Rec., pp. 191-193).
12. On August 6, 1991, Atty. Seno filed a Comment to the Offer of Exhibits With Counter-Manifestation stating that:‘[T]he failure of undersigned to appear on the date of hearing was for the reason that his car bogged down, as in fact he called up the Office of the Hearing Officer. While his absence may be considered a waiver to cross-examine the witness, it cannot be taken to mean forfeiture of the right to present admissible evidence against the complainant witness.’ (Rec., pp. 195-197)13. On August 9, 1991, Atty. Seno filed his Comment on Complainants’ Urgent Motion For Early Decision praying that Lhuillier be given a period of ten (10) days from August 9, 1991 within which to submit additional affidavits and thereafter to consider the cases submitted for resolution (Rec., pp. 199-200).
14. On August 15, 1991, petitioners filed a ‘Counter-Comment On Respondent’s Comment of [sic] Motion For Early Decision’ alleging that under Rule VII, Section 10 (c) of the Revised Rules of Court of the NLRC which reads:the non-appearance of Lhuillier or its counsel on the scheduled dates of hearing on July 8 and 12, 1991, was clearly unjustified (Rec., pp. 202-205).‘x x x x x x x x x
c) In case of unjustified non-appearance by the respondent during her/his turn to present evidence, despite due notice, the case shall be considered submitted for decision on the basis of the evidence so far presented.’
15. On October 14, 1991, Atty. Seno filed a Motion Reiterating The Request For Submission Of Additional Affidavits therein alleging that Lhuillier’s previous motion to present additional affidavits had not been acted upon; and that he had not received an order considering the instant case submitted for resolution. With the motion, Lhuillier submitted the affidavits of additional witnesses, praying that said supplemental affidavits be admitted and presentation of additional evidence be allowed (Rec., pp. 207-209).
16. On October 16, 1991, petitioners filed an Opposition On [sic] Respondents’ Request For Submission Of Additional Affidavits And Urgent Motion To Release Decision, alleging that counsel for Lhuillier was given ample opportunity to present his evidence; that by his failure to appear at the scheduled hearings without any reason or prior motion for postponement, he was deemed to have waived his right to present evidence; and that about the later part of August 1991, upon learning that Labor Arbiter Velasquez would be transferred to NLRC, Tacloban, they (petitioners) inquired about the status of the instant case and they were informed by Labor Arbiter Velasquez that a Decision was already rendered (Rec., pp. 203-205).”
“In resolving this issue [of due process], it is necessary to go over the pertinent provisions of the 1990 NLRC Rules of Procedure, more particularly Sec. 11, Rule V.Not satisfied, petitioners filed the present petition before us under Rule 65 of the Rules of Court.[9]Rule V - Proceedings Before the Labor Arbiters:The established fact is that July 8 and 12, 1991 were the scheduled dates for the cross-examination of Marilyn Lim, last witness for the complainants and the start of respondents’ presentation of evidence. It is also not disputed that respondent and counsel failed to appear at the July 8 hearing. A scrutiny of the minutes of the July 8, 1991 hearing would however reveal that that date was alloted [sic] purposely for the cross-examination of Marilyn Lim and that respondents’ presentation of evidence would start on July 12, 1991. (page 176, records) Technically, the Labor Arbiter was correct in ruling that respondent had waived her right to cross-examine complainant Marilyn Lim when she failed to appear on July 8, 1991. But definitely, it was error for him to consider the case submitted for decision when respondent failed to appear on July 12, 1991. The above-cited rules are clear and explicit. It takes two successive and unjustified non-appearance on the part of respondent before he or she can be considered to have waived his/her right to present evidence and thereafter to consider the case submitted for decision on the basis of the evidence thus far presented. Respondent’s absence on July 12, 1991 was but her first since, as pointed out, it was on that day that she was supposed to start presenting her evidence. What the Labor Arbiter should have done was to set another date for the reception of respondent’s evidence. If she still failed to appear, his reliance on Sec. 11 (c), Rule V of the New Rules of Procedure of the NLRC would have been justified and this Commission would not hesitate to uphold him on that respect. As it is, the questioned ruling was, indeed, premature to say the least. While concern for the less privileged workers and speediin [sic] the disposition of labor cases are highly commendable, those considerations should not run roughshod over well-established principles of due process.
Section 11. Non-appearance of Parties at Conference/Hearings. - (a) Two (2) successive absences at a conference/hearing by the complainant or petitioner, who was duly notified thereof may be sufficient cause to dismiss the case without prejudice. Where proper justification, however, is shown by proper motion to warrant the re-opening of the case, the Labor Arbiter shall call a second hearing and continue the proceedings until the case is finally decided. Dismissal of the case for the second time due to the unjustified non-appearance of the complainant or petitioner who was duly notified thereof shall be with prejudice.
b) In case of two (2) successive non-appearances by the respondent, despite due notice, during the complainant’s presentation of evidence, the complainant shall be allowed to present evidence ex-parte, subject to cross-examination by the respondent, where proper, at the next hearing. Upon completion of such presentation of evidence for the complainant, another notice of hearing for the reception of the respondent’s evidence shall be issued, with a warning that failure of the respondent to appear shall be construed as submission by him of the case for resolution without presenting his evidence.
c) In case of two (2) successive unjustified non-appearances by the respondent during his turn to present evidence, despite due notice, the case shall be considered submitted for decision on the basis of the evidence so far presented.
It may be argued that the evidence sought to be introduced by respondent are contained in the additional affidavits which now form part of the records, hence this Commission can now decide this appeal on the merits. It is with more reason that this case should be remanded not only to allow respondent to formally present her evidence, but also to allow complainants to cross-examine and confront their accusers.” (Underscoring supplied.)
Put differently but more plainly, the issues in this case are as follows:“A
The Honorable Commission has committed serious reversible error amounting to a grave abuse of discretion and in excess of jurisdiction in finding that the private respondent was not afforded due process by the hearing labor arbiter, particularly the reception of private respondent’s evidence.
B
The Honorable Commission has committed serious reversible error amounting to a grave abuse of discretion and in excess of jurisdiction in finding that the declaration by the hearing labor arbiter submitting these cases for decision on July 12, 1991 was not in accordance with Rule V Section II of the 1990 New Rules of Procedure of the NLRC (attached hereto as annex ‘C’).
C
The Honorable Commission has committed serious reversible error amounting to a grave abuse of discretion and in excess of jurisdiction in giving importance to private respondent’s additional alleged affidavits which were filed only on October 14, 1991 (attached hereto as annex ‘G-1’), by way of attaching the same in private respondent’s motion reiterating request for submission of additional affidavits (attached hereto as annex ‘G’), long after the hearing labor arbiter rendered a decision on August 30, 1992 (attached hereto as annex ‘E’), contrary to the private respondent’s prayer and commitment (attached hereto as annex ‘F-1’).D
The Honorable Commission has committed serious reversible error amounting to a grave abuse of discretion, in substance and in law, in not modifying the appealed decision of the hearing labor arbiter (attached hereto as annex ‘E’) with respect to the accuracy of the monetary awards pursuant to the pertinent provisions of the Labor Code, its implementing rules and regulations and pursuant particularly to the celebrated case of Roche (Philippines), et als. [sic] vs. NLRC, et als., [sic] G.R. No. 83335, October 12, 1989.
E
The Honorable Commission has no jurisdiction to entertain private respondent’s two appeals.”
On the other hand, Rule VI, Section 6 of the 1990 NLRC New Rules of Procedure,[11] invoked by private respondent, provides:“x x x x x x x x x
In case of a judgment involving a monetary award, an appeal by the employer may be perfected only upon the posting of a cash or surety bond issued by a reputable bonding company duly accredited by the Commission in the amount equivalent to the monetary award in the judgment appealed from.
In any event, the decision of the Labor Arbiter reinstating a dismissed or separated employee, insofar as the reinstatement aspect is concerned, shall immediately be executory, even pending appeal. The employee shall either be admitted back to work under the same terms and conditions prevailing prior to his dismissal or separation or, at the option of the employer, merely reinstated in the payroll. The posting of a bond by the employer shall not stay the execution for reinstatement provided therein. x x x.” (Underscoring supplied.)
“Section 6. Bond. In case of the decision of a Labor Arbiter involves a monetary award, an appeal by the employer shall be perfected only upon the posting of a cash or surety bond issued by a reputable bonding company duly accredited by the Commission or the Supreme Court in an amount equivalent to the monetary award.There is no conflict between the two provisions. Article 223 lays down the requirement that an appeal bond should be filed. The implementing rule, on the other hand, explains how the appeal bond shall be computed. The rule explicitly excludes moral and exemplary damages and attorney’s fees from the computation of the appeal bond. This exclusion has been recognized by the Court in a number of cases. Hence, in Erectors vs. NLRC,[12] the Court nullified an NLRC order requiring the posting of an appeal bond which, among others, “even included in the computation the award of P400,000.00 for moral and exemplary damages.” Indeed, the said implementing rule is a contemporaneous construction of Article 223 by the NLRC pursuant to the mandate of the Labor Code; hence, it is accorded great respect by this Court.[13]
The Commission may, in meritorious cases and upon Motion of the Appellant, reduce the amount of the bond. However, an appeal is deemed perfected upon the posting of the bond equivalent to the monetary award exclusive of moral and exemplary damages as well as attorney’s fees.
Nothing herein however, shall be construed as extending the period of appeal.” (Underscoring supplied.)
“Section 11. Non-appearance of Parties at Conference/Hearings. -- (a) Two (2) successive absences at a conference/hearing by the complainant or petitioner, who was duly notified thereof, may be sufficient cause to dismiss the case without prejudice. Where proper justification, however, is shown by proper motion to warrant the re-opening of the case, the Labor Arbiter shall call a second hearing and continue the proceedings until the case is finally decided. Dismissal of the case of the second time due to the unjustified non-appearance of the complainant or petitioner who was duly notified thereof shall be with prejudice.
(b) In case of two (2) successive non-appearances by the respondent, despite due notice, during the complainant’s presentation of evidence, the complainant shall be allowed to present evidence ex parte, subject to cross-examination by the respondent, where proper, at the next hearing. Upon completion of such presentation of evidence for the complainant, another notice of hearing for the reception of the respondent’s evidence shall be issued, with a warning that failure of the respondent to appear shall be construed as submission by him of the case for resolution without presenting his evidence.
(c) In case of two (2) successive unjustified non-appearances by the respondent during his turn to present evidence, despite due notice, the case shall be considered submitted for decision on the basis of the evidence so far presented.” (Underscoring supplied).
“The failure of the undersigned to appear on the date of hearing was for the reason that his car bogged down, as in fact he called up the Office of the Hearing Officer. While his absence may be considered a waiver to cross-examine the witness, it cannot be taken to mean forfeiture of the right to present admissible evidence against the complainant-witness.”Three days later on August 9, 1991, private respondents moved that they be given a “period of ten days from August 9, 1991” -- or until August 19, 1991 -- within which to submit additional affidavits, “after which, the cases will be deemed submitted for resolution on the basis of complainants’ evidence and respondents’ position paper and the additional affidavits.”[27] Counsel, however, failed to submit the supposed evidence on said date. On October 14, 1991, private respondents filed a Motion Reiterating the Request for Submission of Additional Affidavits.[28] Again, private respondents did not submit the said documents.
“1. That our client Ms. Marilyn Lim be given immediately a clearance upon resignation from your good company and payment of separation pay at the rate of one month per year of service; andPetitioner Lim’s testimony[36] that she has never been informed of any wrongdoing until her termination is belied by her assertions in the aforequoted letter. Her admission of the offense charged shows that she was not coerced to resign. Besides, the fact that her complaint for illegal dismissal was filed long after her resignation on February 24, 1990 suggests that it was a mere afterthought.
2. That our client is willing to execute a promissory note on her indebtedness, and will pay upon the same terms prevailing before her resignation. Our client’s ability to settle her indebtedness should be given kind consideration by your company considering that her eventual resignation will render her jobless for a while. Besides, per Investigation Report No. 2, Series of 1990, conducted by your Resident Counsel, Atty. Malcolm V. Seno, our client has impressed your Resident Counsel as a person of much valor and great determination when she immediately admitted her guilt.
3. That the various checks she endorsed to your company be returned to our client, so that she could file a case against the issuers or drawers of the same, be it criminal or civil in nature.” (Emphasis supplied).
“Therefore, in accordance with R.A. No. 6715, petitioners are entitled to their full backwages, inclusive of allowances and other benefits or their monetary equivalent, from the time their actual compensation was withheld from them up to the time of their actual reinstatement.” (Underscoring supplied.)Since a service incentive leave is clearly demandable after one year of service -- whether continuous or broken -- or its equivalent period, and it is one of the “benefits” which would have accrued if an employee was not otherwise illegally dismissed, it is fair and legal that its computation should be up to the date of reinstatement as provided under Section 279 of the Labor Code, as amended, which reads:
“ART. 279. Security of Tenure. -- An employee who is unjustly dismissed from work shall be entitled to reinstatement without loss of seniority rights and other privileges and to his full backwages, inclusive of allowances, and to his other benefits or their monetary equivalent computed from the time his compensation is withheld from him up to the time of his actual reinstatement.” (underscoring supplied).However, the Implementing Rules clearly state that entitlement to “benefit provided under this Rule shall start December 16, 1975, the date the amendatory provision of the [Labor] Code took effect.”[43] Hence, petitioners, except Lim and Canonigo, should be entitled to service incentive leave pay from December 16, 1975 up to their actual reinstatement.
“The clear legislative intent of the amendment in Rep. Act No. 6715 is to give more benefits to workers than was previously given them under the Mercury Drug rule or the “deduction of earnings elsewhere” rule. Thus, a closer adherence to the legislative policy behind Rep. Act No. 6715 points to “full backwages” as meaning exactly that, i.e., without deducting from backwages the earnings derived elsewhere by the concerned employee during the period of his illegal dismissal.”WHEREFORE, the petition is hereby GRANTED and the assailed Decision and Resolution are REVERSED and SET ASIDE. The labor arbiter’s decision is REINSTATED with MODIFICATIONS, such that the award of separation pay is deleted and the service incentive leave pay is computed from December 16, 1975 up to petitioners’ actual reinstatement. Full backwages, including the accrued thirteenth month pay, are also awarded to the nine petitioners -- Leiden Fernandez, Brenda Gadiano, Gloria Adriano, Emelia Negapatan, Jesus Tomongha, Eleonor Quiñanola, Asteria Campo, Florida Villaceran and Florida Talledo -- from the date of their illegal dismissal to the time of their actual reinstatement. Petitioners Lim and Canonigo, whom we find to have voluntarily resigned, are not entitled to any benefit.
“a. | Urgent Motion Reiterating the Request for Submission of Additional Affidavits dated October 14, 1991 submitted by Atty. Malcolm Seno, |
b. | Urgent Motion to Resolve Respondents’ Pending Motion and Comments on Petitioner’s ‘Urgent Motion To Release Decision’ dated November 25, 1991 submitted by Atty. Luis V. Diores, |
c. | Urgent Motion to Allow Respondents to Cross-Examine Complainants and To Present Evidence Under Rule V, Sec. 11 (b) and (c) of the New Rules of Procedure of the NLRC.” |