338 Phil. 177
PANGANIBAN, J.:
“That on or about the 21st day of December 1990, at about 3:00 A.M., in the City of Cebu, Philippines, and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the said accused, by means of violence and intimidation, with deliberate intent, did then and there unlawfully and feloniously have carnal knowledge of the undersigned against her will.”During the arraignment on April 5, 1991, appellant, assisted by counsel, pleaded not guilty.[3] Afterwards, trial on the merits ensued. In a Decision dated April 13, 1992, the trial court found the accused guilty beyond reasonable doubt of the crime of rape, thus:[4]
“WHEREFORE, premises considered, the accused Anastacio Malabago y Maquinto is hereby found guilty beyond reasonable doubt of having criminally raped Alice Llanto y Boyles. He is accordingly sentenced to reclusion perpetua, to suffer the accessory penalties prescribed by law and to pay unto his victim the amount of P30,000.00 by way of civil indemnity, without subsidiary imprisonment in case of insolvency in view of the principal penalty imposed upon the accused.
The costs of this instance shall also be taxed against the accused.
SO ORDERED.”
“The complainant in this case is a frail, unsophisticated, neither comely nor unattractive country girl. She grew up in the neighboring province of Bohol, and had come to Cebu City to pursue her secondary education while helping her elder half-brother Armin Llanto and his wife Lilia eke out a living as scavengers at the Dumping Site, Whiteroad, Inayawan, Pardo, Cebu City. At the time she took the witness stand, she was 17 years old. The punishing economic straits through which she must have been is suggested by the fact that at her age when most girls should have already entered college, she was still a sophomore at the Pardo High School in Cebu City.‘TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:
The complainant asserted that she was raped by the accused.
She testified that at about 3:00 o’clock in the morning of December 21, 1990 she went out of her brother Armin’s house at Dumping Site, Whiteroad, Inayawan Pardo, Cebu City to answer a call of nature. On her way to the toilet beside the bodega she stumbled on a tin plate and she picked it up. She was putting the plate on the table when she heard someone call her ‘Day’ (Inday). As she turned toward the direction of the voice, the accused Anastacio Malabago, alias ‘Julio,’ embraced her from behind. Unable to free herself from his hold, she asked him what he was doing to her. The accused replied that if she so much as shouted, he would break her head and his own, so that they would die together. She shouted, and the accused promptly strangled her and pointed a knife on her neck. What happened after that the complainant narrated when she took the witness stand on May 27, 1991, thus --
ATTY. MONTESCLAROS: Q What else did Anastacio Malabago do to you aside from strangling your neck and pointing a knife on your neck? A He made me lie down on the table and he sat on my legs and he did what he wanted to do. Q Please explain to the Honorable Court what you mean when you said that Anastacio Malabago did what he wanted to do to you? A Maybe he wanted to insert his into mine so he could accomplish what he wanted to do. COURT: Please tell your witness to speak plainly and clearly. Are you ashamed to these people inside this courtroom who are listening to your testimony? WITNESS: No. COURT: Speak plainly and clearly. ATTY. MONTESCLAROS: Q Please explain clearly to the Honorable Court what do you mean when you said that Anastacio Malabago wanted to accomplish something? A I mean that he wanted to insert his penis into my vagina. Q Kindly tell the Honorable Court if Anastacio Malabago succeeded in his desire to have carnal knowledge of you? A Yes, Ma’am. Q By the way, what was the physical appearance or condition of Anastacio Malabago when you noticed his presence for the first time? A At that time he was wearing a sleeveless shirt but I did not notice the trousers. Q Why did you say that you did not notice the trousers of Anastacio Malabago? A Because when I tried to pull up my skirt because I don’t want him to damage me I noticed that and I felt with my bare hands his thighs without any cover. Q You said that Anastacio Malabago inserted his penis into your vagina or that he succeeded in raping you, after that what happened to you? A And I stood up then he said ‘that will show you who is Anastacio Malabago. Q Then, what did you say after you were told by Anastacio Malabago that ‘now you know who is Anastacio Malabago’? A So I told him that I will take my revenge on you and I will have you arrested and I will put you in jail. Q And what did Anastacio Malabago say if any? A So he told me to just do what I wanted to do if I ever wanted him to put in (sic) jail, but he cannot do anything because he said that it is his fault. Q After Anastacio Malabago told you that, what did you do? A I went upstairs and cried on (sic) what he had done on (sic) me and why he raped me.’ (T.S.N. of May 27, 1991, pp. 5-7).
On the afternoon of the same day, Armin Llanto (who had just arrived from Bohol that afternoon with his step-mother, who is Alice’s mother) and his wife Lilia brought the complainant to the Cebu City Medical Center for physical examination. There, the complainant was examined by Dr. Joy Tuesday Ramas Engracia, who found among other things, that she was in a non-virgin state physically as her genital orifice admitted two fingers easily, and that her vaginal smear was positive for spermatozoa. Dr. Engracia’s detailed findings are reflected in Exhibit ‘A’, to wit:
Dr. Engracia stressed that when she examined Alice Llanto, the latter told her that she was raped at 3:00 o’ clock that morning of December 21, 1990.
From the Cebu City Medical Center, Armin and Lilia brought Alice to the Taboan Police Station in Cebu City, where they lodged a complaint for rape against the accused Anastacio Malabago. In that station, that same afternoon, the complainant had a confrontation with the accused.
The accused denied that he violated the complainant. He claimed that Alice Llanto was his sweetheart; that the sexual congress he had with her that early morning of December 21, 1990 was their mutual agreement; that in fact it was the complaining witness herself who came to him inside the bodega where he was asleep in a make-shift bed, awakened him from his sleep, and even suggested that they perform the sexual act in his make-shift bed atop the table in the bodega because the table was wider and more confortable (sic) than his make-shift bed.
The accused’s mother, Soila Malabago and a neighbor, Eglerina Caballero, sought to corroborate the accused’s claim that he was Alice’s sweetheart.”
ATTY. MONTESCLAROS:The information alleges that appellant committed rape by means of intimidation; the threats uttered and the weapon used constituted intimidation, taking the place of the element of force and offer of resistance required in rape cases.[9] Any resistance private complainant may have wanted to put up was foiled by the strong grip of appellant on her and the danger posed by the knife at her neck. Indeed, the law does not impose upon private complainant the burden of proving resistance. Physical resistance need not be established in rape when intimidation is exercised upon the victim and she submits herself against her will to the rapist’s lust because of fear for her life and personal safety.[10] The contrasting physiques of the two parties further stress the futility of any physical resistance that private complainant might have wanted to put up. On this point the trial court stated:[11]
Q You said that in the morning of December 21, 1990 at about 3:00 o’ clock in the morning you were in the house of your brother Armin Llanto whose house is located at the dumping area of White Road, Inayawan, Pardo, Cebu City, could you tell us what were you doing? A I went down the house to deficate (sic). Q Where did you go then in order to relieve yourself? A To the toilet located beside the bodega. Q While on your way towards the toilet which is located at the side of the bodega, tell us if anything unusual happened? A On my way I stumbled upon a tin plate and so I picked it up and put it on the table. Q In effect, were you able to place that plate on the table? A Yes, Sir. Q While you were placing that plate on the table, could you tell us what happened? A In the process while I was placing the plate on the table somebody called me ‘day,’ and when I turned he already embraced me from my back and I cannot free myself, so I asked what he was doing to me and he said if I shout he will break my head and afterwards he will also break his head so that we will go together. Q You were using the pronoun ‘he’ referring to the person who embraced you, could you please tell us whom are you referring to when you said the pronoun ‘he’? A Anastacio Malabago. Q While Anastacio Malabago was embracing you, what did you do? A He strangled me and threatened me. Q How about you what did you do while he strangled you and threatened you? A I shouted once but then the grip on my neck hurts me and he was also pointing a knife at me. Q Where did he point that knife, on what part of your body? A On my neck.” (Underscoring supplied.)
“FIRSTLY, it is highly disquieting and very disturbing why complainant, after stumbling over the alleged tin plates on her way, would dare to pick them up and to place them on the table inside the bodega x x x if her intention really in going down the house was purely to answer an urgent call of nature, and not purposely to have a tryst with accused-appellant x x x.The allegedly contradictory and improbable testimony of private complainant does not raise any reasonable doubt against the decision of the trial court.
SECONDLY, equally disquieting is complainant’s testimony that she shouted when accused-appellant was kissing and embracing her x x x (i)f we believe this as true, then how come that Not one of accused-appellant’s several co-workers who were sleeping inside the bodega x x x did not even hear such shout?
THIRDLY, if indeed complainant did not consent to what had happened to her, x x x why did she NOT immediately relate her sad story to her sister-in-law, LILIA LLANTO, the very first moment she returned to the house x x x
FOURTHLY, how could accused-appellant forcibly placed complainant on top of a 4 foot high table while he was strangling her with his left hand and holding a knife at his right, if complainant did not cooperate?
FIFTHLY, if complainant did not consent to what had happened to her, x x x (s)he could have used the bed pan, x x x instead of going to the makeshift toilet during the unholy hour of 3:00 o’ clock in the morning. She could have just ran the very moment appellant called her ‘dai’ x x x. x x x. She could have easily awaken anyone inside the house to accompany her in going to the makeshift toilet to answer a call of nature. x x x.”
“x x x. Except for the accused’s bare assertion, that he was the complainant’s sweetheart -- which is of course self-serving -- he has not come up with any convincing or credible evidence of such relationship. He has not presented an endearing note or love letter from her, or any token of her affection, such as a ring, a birthday card, a Valentine card, or a Christmas card. Of course, the Court noted that the complainant particularly tensed up when the accused testified that she was his sweetheart, and that she gave him a severe, indignant look (with contempt visibly written on her face) when he reached the point in his testimony that it was the complainant who came to him that dawn of December 21, 1990 in the bodega and virtually seduced him. In any event, in her rebuttal testimony, the complainant categorically denied that the accused ever courted her or that she was his sweetheart, saying in this regard, ‘that is only a product of his imagination.’”Appellant had the burden of proving that indeed he and private complainant were sweethearts. We agree with the lower court that he miserably failed to do so. Not only was his claim categorically denied by private complainant, but there was also no substantial evidence presented by appellant to support it, such as love notes, mementos or pictures.[24]