407 Phil. 224
GONZAGA-REYES, J.:
That on or about the 5th day of February 1997 in the municipality of Sibunag, Province of Guimaras, Philippines and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above-named accused being the father of one Sharon Galas his fifteen (15) year old daughter, by means of force and intimidation did then and there willfully, unlawfully and feloniously did lie and have carnal knowledge of said Sharon Galas without her consent and against her will.CRIMINAL CASE NO. 0334
CONTRARY TO LAW.
That on or about the 28th day of February 1997, in the municipality of Sibunag, Province of Guimaras, Philippines and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above-named accused being the father one Sharon Galas his fifteen (15) year old daughter, by means of force and intimidation did then and there willfully, unlawfully and feloniously did lie and have carnal knowledge of said Sharon Galas without her consent and against her will.CRIMINAL CASE NO. 0335
CONTRARY TO LAW.
That on or about the month of July 1997, in the municipality of Sibunag, Province of Guimaras, Philippines and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above-named accused being the father of one Sharon Galas his fifteen (15) year old daughter, by means of force and intimidation did then and there willfully, unlawfully and feloniously did lie and have carnal knowledge of said Sharon Galas without her consent and against her will.The accused pleaded not guilty when arraigned on April 28, 1998. At the hearing on May 7, 1999, accused manifested through counsel his desire to change his plea of not guilty in the three cases to a plea of guilty only in Criminal Case No. 0334, which referred to the rape incident on February 28, 1997. His desire to change his plea was reiterated at the hearing on June 3, 1999. Re-arraigned on February 28, 1997, the accused, assisted by counsel, entered a plea of guilty in Criminal Case No. 0334.
CONTRARY TO LAW."
"WHEREFORE, PREMISES CONSIDERED, judgment is hereby rendered finding the accused GUILTY beyond reasonable doubt of the crime of rape committed against his daughter and is sentenced to suffer a penalty of DEATH.Criminal Case No. 0334 is before us on automatic review.
Accused is also directed to indemnify the complainant the amount of P100,000.00, broken as follows:
P70,000.00 - by way of indemnity;
P30,000.00 - as moral and exemplary damages.
Criminal Cases Nos. 0333 and 0335 are ordered DISMISSED.
SO ORDERED."
THE TRIAL COURT GRAVELY ERRED IN FINDING THE ACCUSED-APPELLANT GUILTY BEYOND REASONABLE DOUBT OF THE CRIME CHARGED ON THE BASIS OF AN IMPROVIDENT PLEA OF GUILTY.Accused-appellant claims that his plea of guilt was improvidently made as he was not fully appraised of the consequences of his change of plea of not guilty to guilty. The trial court failed to inform the accused that the imposable penalty is still death despite his change of plea. Accused-appellant further claims that the prosecution failed to prove the true age of the victim.II
ASSUMING ARGUENDO THAT THERE WAS NO IMPROVIDENT PLEA OF GUILTY, THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN IMPOSING THE DEATH PENALTY UPON THE ACCUSED-APPELLANT."[6]
Nowhere in the proceedings was it explained to the accused that the penalty imposable is death even if he pleads guilty. We are inclined to agree with the accused-appellant that had he been so informed, he would not have changed his plea and voluntarily accept the imposition of a death penalty. This Court has held[8] that it is mandatory for the trial court to accomplish three things to avoid an improvident plea of guilt, namely: 1) conduct a searching inquiry into the voluntariness and full comprehension of the consequences of the accused's plea; 2) require the prosecution to prove the guilt of the accused and the precise decree of his culpability and 3) inquire whether or not the accused wishes to present evidence on his behalf and allow him to do so if he desires. It is not enough to inquire as to the voluntariness of the plea; the court must explain fully to the accused that once convicted, he could be meted the death penalty. Death is a single and indivisible penalty and will be imposed regardless of the presence of a mitigating circumstance.[9] The importance of the court's obligation cannot be overemphasized for one cannot dispel the possibility that the accused may have been led to believe that due to his voluntary plea of guilt, he may be imposed the lesser penalty of reclusion perpetua and not death[10]
"COURT:
Re-arraign the accused on the February 28, 1997 incident. INTERPRETER: (Reading the Information before the accused in the local dialect which he understood) Q: Did you understand what has been read to you? ACCUSED: A: Yes, ma'am INTERPRETER: Q: Do you admit what is being charged or what has been read to you. What is your plea? ACCUSED: A: I am admitting the charges against me. I enter a plea of guilty on the 28 February 1997 incident. INTERPRETER (to court) Your Honor, the accused pleads guilty. COURT:
Atty. Calanza, have you informed your client of the effect and import of his plea? ATTY. CALANZA: Yes, Your Honor. In fact the accused had been arraigned on three (3) informations where he entered a plea of not guilty. After pondering on the charges against him, the accused changed his mind and told me that he will enter a plea of guilty on the 28 February 1997 incident only. We are in fact thankful to the prosecutor and the complainant because they agreed to our bargaining. The delay on the trial, Your Honor, is because of our haggling with the prosecutor and the complainant to agree on our bargaining.COURT: But did you inform your client on the possible penalty which shall be meted to him? ATTY. CALANZA: Yes, Your Honor. I told him that because of his intended plea of guilty he will be punished by reclusion perpetua or death.COURT: Did he understand what reclusion perpetua is and what death is? ATTY. CALANZA: Yes, Your Honor, I explained it to him exhaustively. COURT: (to the accused in the local dialect) Q: Did you understand the information which was read to you? A: Yes, Your Honor. Q: Did you understand that the information tells you that the complaint was filed against you by Sharon Galas, your daughter?A: Yes, Your Honor. Q: Did you understand that the information which was read to you says that you have carnal knowledge with your daughter Sharon Galas without her consent and against her will?A: Yes, Your Honor. Q: Did you also understand that you have a carnal knowledge with your daughter by means of force and intimidation as read in the information?A: Yes, Your Honor. Q: Do you know that because of your plea of guilty you may be meted a penalty of reclusion perpetua to death? A: Yes, Your Honor. Q: Did you lawyer inform you about this? ACCUSED: A: Yes, Your Honor. COURT: (to accused) Despite that you entered a plea of guilty? ACCUSED: Yes, Your Honor. COURT: Now, after having been informed of that effect and import of your plea of guilt wherein you be meted a penalty of reclusion or death, do you still insist on your plea of guilty?ACCUSED: Yes, Your Honor, I admit.[7]
Sharon's testimony was corroborated by the rural health physician, Dr. Saiton, who testified on his findings in the medical certificate[17] that the victim had "hymenal laceration old healed at 12, 3, 6 and 9 o'clock position", and his assessment "physical virginity lost".
"PROSECUTOR NIELO: (to witness) Q: On the night of February 28, 1997, can you recall where were you? A: Yes, sir. Q: Where were you? A: There at our house. Q: While you were at your house was your father also there? A: Yes, sir. Q: In the evening, did your father tell you anything? A: Yes, sir. Q: What did he tell you? A: He told me to turn off the lamp and then he ordered me to take off my dress. Q: Where were you when your father told you to turn off the lamp? A: There inside our house. Q: Was that in the room where you were sleeping or in the sala? A: There inside our house because we were about to sleep. Q: When you were about to sleep and your father who were the other person in the night of February 18 in the room or the portion of the house where you were sleeping?A: In our room only the two (2) of us and in the other room my aunt and her husband. Q: So, there were only the two (2) of you in the night of February 28, 1997? A: Yes, sir. Q: What kind of lamp was that when your father told you to put off? A: A kerosene lamp. Q: And did you put off the lamp? A: Yes, sir. Q: You said he ordered you to undress. Did you undress? A: Yes, sir. Q: Did you not resist? A: No, sir. Q: Why did you not resist? A: Even if I will resist I could not overcome him because he is big and he had a bolo. Q: When you undressed yourself, what did your father do? A: He (took) off his clothes. Q: What else? A: He straddled on me. Q: When you said undressed, you removed you shirt. What kind of clothes you were wearing when your father ordered you to undress?A: T-shirt and short. Q: And did you remove your t-shirt? A: Yes, sir. Q: And did you remove your short? A: Yes, sir. Q: How about your panty? Were you having a panty? A: No, sir. Q: Was your father wearing trouser when you said he removed his shirt? A: No, he was wearing short. Q: What did your father do with his short? Did he remove his short? A: Yes, sir. Q: Was your father wearing a brief? A: Yes, sir. Q: What did he do with his brief? Did he remove his brief? A: Yes, sir. Q: After you undressed yourself as ordered by your father and when he was already naked or after he removed his shirt and brief, what did your father do?A: He straddled on me and kissed me and then inserted his penis into my vagina. Q: While kissing you, did he fondled your breast? A: Yes, sir. Q: What about your organ? A: Yes, sir. Q: Was he able to insert his penis inside your vagina? A: Yes, sir. Q: And after inserting his penis what did he do? Did he push and pull? A: Yes, sir. Q: And when he was making that motion, was his penis inside your vagina? A: Yes, sir. Q: Did you not push him? A: I pushed him but I cannot overcome him. Q: And then when your father inserted his penis inside your vagina were you on the bed? A: Yes, sir. Q: Now, after your father inserted his penis and have that push and pull motion, what did he do? A: Something warm came off from him and then there is blood in the blanket and he turned his back. Q: Did you say anything to him? A: Yes, sir. Q: What did you tell him? A: I asked him, "Tay, why are you doing this to me?" Q: And what did he say? A: None."[16]
"When the victim is under eighteen (18) years of age and the offender is a parent, ascendant, step-parent, guardian, relative by consanguinity or affinity within the third civil degree or the common-law spouse of the parent of the victim."The information in Criminal Case No. 0334 alleged that the accused-appellant was the father of Sharon and that Sharon is fifteen (15) years old. Sharon testified that she was seventeen (17) years old on June 3, 1999 when she testified in court[19] and that the accused-appellant is her father.[20] The accused-appellant admitted that he was the father of Sharon when the information was read to him upon his arraignment[21]