363 Phil. 52
QUISUMBING, J.:
"Petitioners are regular workers of private respondent Cotabato Timberland Co. Inc. (`CTCI' for brevity) who were initially hired to perform milling and pilling [sic] works [sic] at EX-ARANETA by M & S Company, a sister company of CTCI.On January 16, 1996, the NLRC issued a Resolution[8] denying petitioners' motion for reconsideration for lack of merit. Hence, this petition.
Thereafter, EX-ARANETA was closed and the sawmill operation of M & S Company was transferred to private respondent TIMEX SAWMILL, a subsidiary of respondent CTCI where Melchor Borbon is the Administrative Manager. The transfer was done sometime in July 1989."[3]
"The production and manufacture of plywood and veneer involves the following steps: (1) rebucking; (2) peeling; (3) drying; (4) splicing; (5) gluing; (6) pressing; (7) sizing; (8) putty application; (9) [s]andering; and (10) finishing [(]ibid.).
However, there are allegedly other odd jobs independent from the main plywood production or manufacturing operations, which require manpower, like the milling, piling and bundling of logs (sic) ends or sawn lumber in small scale, as well as clearing and hauling of firewood or waste firewood (ibid., Affidavit of Esperidion Tagalo, p. 1).
In mid-1989, CTCI experienced an abnormal rise in demand for its plywood and other lumber products. CTCI's regular workers could not allegedly cope with this demand, and this in turn led to an increased need for additional manpower on the part of CTCI to enable it to meet such demand (CTCI's Position Paper, p. 3)."[4]
"The hiring of herein [p]etitioners was facilitated through Teddy Arabi, who was tapped and hired by private respondent CTCI to recruit [p]etitioners under strict instructions. Majority of herein [p]etitioners are neighbors, friends and provincemates of Teddy Arabi. In short, [p]etitioners were engaged, briefed and instructed by CTCI before the commencement of their respective works. Teddy Arabi never maintained an office in private respondent's company since his main task is simply to recruit, under strict instruction, additional workers as the need arises."[5]
"Respondent Teddy Arabi was allegedly provided office space within the Timex sawmill premises, but had no equipment, tools, and capital of his own to carry on his work; CTCI lent him the tools and equipment to undertake his milling, piling and bundling work (CTCI's Position Paper, Joint Affidavit of Geronimo Bala and Romeo Enriquez, p. 1, and Affidavit of Melchor Borbon, p. 1).
Work activities and schedules pertaining [to] sawmill manning and (sic) operations as well as other aspects of work of the complainants were set by CTCI, through administrative personnel like Geronimo M. Bala (Complainants' Position Paper, Annex K), Romeo Enriquez, a foreman/supervisor; Malone L. Paquiao, sawmill manager; and respondent Melchor D. Borbon, administrative manager (Teddy Arabi's Position Paper, p. 2 and Exhs. A, B, C & D; CTCI's Position Paper, Annex 3).
The complainants worked on shifting, initially, in three (3) shifts - 7:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.; then, 3:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m.; and finally, 11:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. (Complainants' Position Paper, p. 4 and Exh. K). Subsequently, however, in January 1990, when demand for CTCI wood products was reduced, CTCI decided to cut the number of shifts to only two (CTCI's Position Paper, Affidavit of Teofilo Navales, p. 1).
Respondent Teddy Arabi appeared to have been paid by CTCI on the basis of sawmill production and/or number of workers or time used in a certain job or area of operation (ibid., Annexes 1 to 10-B, inclusive, [sic] of Affidavit of Esperidion Tagalog). The former respondent [sic] in turn paid the complainant[s] their wages, at the rate of P35.00 daily starting July 1989 and P50.00 daily, starting April 1990 (Complainants' Position Paper, p. 3), which they continued to have (sic) up to the time this case was filed on 17 October 1994 (ibid., pp. 3-4).
It appears that aside from said basic wages, the complainants were not paid anything else."[6]
"Considering that herein [p]etitioners were exploited and underpaid, Teddy Arabi was also tasked by private respondent CTCI to double as an "enforcer" to sweet talk, threaten or silence any worker who would inquire or question their unconscionably P50.00 per day wage rate and other unpaid labor standards benefits.
For effectivity and faster communication, private respondent CTCI provided Teddy Arabi and his brother Ronie (also an employee of CTCI) with hand-held radios so that the latter could immediately contact the former whenever some (sic) problem (sic) arises (sic) from among (sic) the workers in the work premises. Because of this set-up, complaining workers usually do not anymore pursue their labor claims against CTCI with the Department of Labor and Employment. This has been the modus operandi of private respondent CTCI.
Petitioners continued working as workers/laborers at TIMEX SAWMILL and were working under the full control and supervision of CTCI's personnel such as [c]heckers, [y]ard [m]asters, [c]lerk[s], [a]uditors, [f]ormen (sic) and [s]upervisors.
Eventually, the working conditions thereat became uncontrollable and Teddy Arabi became helpless in controlling the worker's demands. On May 26, 1994, a letter-complaint was filed by [a] group of disgruntled workers with the DOLE, Region IX Office, Zamboanga City for unpaid Labor Standards benefits due them. Thereafter, their group of complainants were continuously harassed and intimidated by management people and [were told] that if they will pursue their complaints, their services will be terminated and no benefits whatsoever shall be paid them.
Fortunately, private respondent CTCI managed to convince Teddy Arabi to intercede in this problem and subsequently, an amicable settlement was effected between CTCI and the complaining workers. CTCI paid a total of P223,531.25 as settlement to (sic) the claims of the workers. However, CTCI, with ill-motives, maliciously made it appear in the signed quitclaims of the complaining workers that Teddy Arabi was the workers' employer and the one who paid their claims. However, the checks were issued in the name of CTCI.
Thereafter on June 17, 1994, [p]etitioners were warned verbally by Admin[istration] Personnel that allegedly (sic) top management has been dissatisfied with their work performance and production output results and that very soon their services will be terminated.
Eventually, [p]etitioners were barred from entering the main gate of respondent CTCI on July 31, 1994 by the company security guards when they reported for work. Petitioners were informed by the guards that they were already terminated effective that day and should not anymore report for work.
Evidently, [p]etitioners' termination was without notice and without the observance of due process required under the Labor Code and the Constitution. Thus, [p]etitioners, in search for justice filed their respective complaints with the NLRC Regional Arbitration Branch 9, Zamboanga City, for the (sic) illegal dismissal and other monetary claims.
On May 17, 1995, Executive Labor Arbiter Rhett Julius Plagata rendered a decision in favor of herein [p]etitioners and against private respondent CTCI. The dispositive portion therof (sic) provided, and we [q]uote:`WHEREFORE, in view of the foregoing considerations, judgment is hereby rendered in the above-entitled case (1) Ordering Cotabato Timberland Company, Inc., through its president, manager, treasurer, cashier, or other proper officer, to pay the complainants the following awards in the following sums:`"Private respondents (s) (sic) appealed the above-quoted decision to public respondent NLRC which promulgated its resolution on October 25, 1995 reversing and setting aside Executive Labor Arbiter Plagata's decision."[7]
(a) For each of Jang Lim, Wilfredo Mariga, Amil Maulana, Rolando Santos, Marciano Victoriano, Jr., Sherilyn Taupan, Dabo Dela Santos, Celso Araneta, Felix Baguio, Aneceto Las Pinas, Vicente Escalicas, Nestor Varona, Razel Taupan, Vicente Wong, Carlos Babiga, Benjamin Estrallado, Zaldyvar Juaini, Roger Mostero, Florante Amis, Augusto Reyes, Jr., Victoria Gomez, Murside Hadjirol, Sandra Sincay, Minda Latip, Han Ammang, Edison Sincay, Titing Arasad, Omar Bayan, Maritess Verdon, Abraham Bayan, Rodelyn Del Rosario, Jefferson Sincay, Sagga Salian, Cherry Emmang, Baning Elias, Tessie Bait-it, Elecio Paradaz, Jr., Moid Sahiron Eddie Elias, Esmeralda Doble, Adayan Sukamo, Myla Mostero, Allan Pablan, Mahadum Mohammad, Jun Salcedo, Brando Diaz, Rolando Montejo, Abs Tapsi, Jakarta Suba, Wenceslao Alayan, Constancio Cativida, Restia Gomez, Nukkiya Servandi, Sandy Sincay, Jahirin Maulana, Mariam Daris, Aley Sajiin, Nursida Lahaman, Rahim Bayan, Salson Ibboh, Bausan Salian, Jimmylito Ayco, Maribeth Limba, Tatah de la Cruz, Jalsum Ibboh, Endang Tondo, Nuralyn Yarte, Tatah Solomon, Lacaya Abutan, Chelton Emmang, Boy Sahira, Eddie Cadion, Armando Dela Cruz, Susana Arabejo, Tatah Jose, Darwesa Salcedo, Hussein Ammang, Ibrahim Elias, Marry Sadjail, Kemelde Okoy, Elias Paragas, and Maulay Taupan, Amelia Degarbis, John Okoy, and Luditha Talbobo:
Separation Pay------------------------------ P 7,432.80 Indemnity----------------------------------- 1,000.00 Unpaid Wages------------------------------ 1,288.35 Wage Differentials--------------------------- 46,213.75 Night Shift Differential----------------------- 705.26 Service Incentive Leave Pay----------------- 1,500.00 13th Month pay----------------------------- 9,493.12 Cost of Litigation and Attorney's Fees------- 6,772.32 Total---------------------------------------- P 74,495.60
(b) For each of Rudy Servandi, Nurmine Salapuddin, Rodriguez Ituralde, Ramon Ituralde, Henry Ituralde, Sonny Boy Dellera, Saturnino Ituralde, Sammy Abdurajik, Usay Sahip and Kalbi Bayan:
Separation pay------------------------------ P 7,432.80 Indemnity----------------------------------- 1,000.00 Unpaid Wages------------------------------ 1,288.35 Wage Differentials--------------------------- 41,195.95 Night Shift Differentials---------------------- 643.75 Service Incentive Leave Pay----------------- 1,080.00 13th Month pay----------------------------- 6,832.96 Cost of Litigation and Attorney's Fees------- 5,947.38 Total---------------------------------------- P 65, 421.19
(2) Dismissing complainants' claim for holiday premium pay, for insufficiency of evidence; and
(3) Dismissing the complaints and claims of the complainants as against respondent Teddy Arabi, for lack of cause of action as against him.
SO ORDERED.'
"I. Public respondent NLRC erred when it ruled that no employer-employee relationship exist (sic) between petitioners and private respondent CTCI.The principal query to be resolved now is whether the NLRC erred in finding that the petitioners herein are not employees of private respondent CTCI but of Teddy Arabi, allegedly an independent contractor.
II. Public respondent NLRC erred when it ruled that Teddy Arabi is an independent contractor and the employer of herein petitioners."[9]
"From the point of view of the contracted-out workers, the payment of wages must observe the conventional procedure. It is with the labor-only contractor whom they signed their contract of employment. Since the two-tier contract formatting is being made to operationalize, it thus becomes irrelevant whether or not their employer is a downright cabo or a labor-only contractor. What is important is that they receive their wages and are able to identify the person paying them."[17]It is thus understandable why the petitioners were unable to present any payslip bearing the name of CTCI as employer. For the lowly workers, especially in far-flung areas where the wages are extremely low, it is enough that they actually receive their pay, oblivious of the need for payslips, unaware of its legal implications. In fine, we believe that the payment of petitioners' wages was coursed through Arabi, but the funds therefor came from the coffers of CTCI.
"It appears that earlier, on 26 May 1994, some of complainants' co-workers filed a letter-complaint with the Department of Labor and Employment (D.O.L.E.) Regional Office No. 09, for certain labor claims. This allegedly resulted in the harassment and intimidation of the complainants by CTCI's Admin[istration] Personnel, that if complainants follow suit, their services will be terminated and that no benefits will be paid to them (Complainants' Position Paper, p.2).If it were true that Arabi was the employer of the petitioners, then it does not make sense for CTCI to pay the labor benefits of the complaining workers, through the DOLE Regional Office, by means of its checks.[22] The reason CTCI paid the benefits is that it was, indeed, liable therefor as petitioners' employer.
It further appears that the said complain[t] was settled with CTCI purportedly lending Teddy Arabi the sum of P223,531.25 (CTCI's Comment on Complainants' Position Paper, Annex 1), which amount was paid to the complainants in said D.O.L.E. case (CTCI's Comment on Arabi's Position Paper, Annexes 1,2 & 3). Payments were by checks of CTCI to the individual complainants (ibid., Annex 3). In consideration of the payments, the worker-complainants concerned executed releases and quitclaims witnessed by CTCI's Teofilo Navales and respondent Teddy Arabi (Arabi's Rejoinder to CTCI's Comments, Annexes A to A-82)."[21]
"i) The contractor or subcontractor carries on a distinct and independent business and undertakes to perform the job, work or service on its own account and under its own responsibility, according to its own manner and method, and free from the control and direction of the principal in all matters connected with the performance of the work except as to the results thereof;CTCI contends that:
ii) The contractor or subcontractor has substantial capital or investment; and
iii) The agreement between the principal and contractor or subcontractor assures the contractual employees entitlement to all labor and occupational safety and health standards, free exercise of the right to self-organization, security of tenure, and social and welfare benefits."
"11. Arabi had substantial capital. He had a service jeep and several fishing boats as declared by his former employees in a sworn statement (Joint Affidavit dated February 14, 1995 of Kuddur Allbani, Ramal Karagi and Salim Antong, Annex "5" Comment on Arabi's Position Paper). He also had a strapping machine for the bundling job he performed for the Respondent Companies (Joint Affidavit of Romeo Enriquez and Romeo Bala, December 23, 1994). In a case, this Honorable Court has held that even if the alleged contractor has no substantial investment in the form of tools, equipments and machineries, if it is shown that he has substantial capital to operate his business, than he may be considered an independent contractor [Neri v. National Labor Relations Commission, 224 SCRA 717 (1993)].[24]However, the finding of the Labor Arbiter contradicts that contention, thus:
"As Teddy Arabi has no capital of his own in the form of equipment, tools, machineries and materials in undertaking sawing, milling, piling, bundling and clearing work for CTCI; as such activities are necessary to CTCI's plywood manufacturing and woodprocessing business operations; as Teddy Arabi's work premises are also the sawmill premises operated by CTCI; as the equipment and tools utilized in Teddy Arabi's undertaking actually belonged to CTCI which allegedly "lent" the same to him, then Teddy Arabi is only a "labor-only" contractor."[25]The allegations that Arabi has sufficient capitalization or that he has investments in the form of tools, equipment, machineries, and work premises, are entirely unsubstantiated. In our view what clearly appears here is that Arabi is a mere agent of CTCI. His only job is to recruit and hire manpower as needed. Arabi is definitely not an independent contractor. Therefore, it is not Arabi but CTCI which is responsible to petitioners who must be deemed employed not by Arabi but by the company.[26]