422 Phil. 748
KAPUNAN, J.:
Section 13. Bail, when not required; reduced bail or recognizance -In denying his release on recognizance, respondent judge reasoned that Sailan "had not yet been in custody for a period equal to or more than the minimum of the principal penalty prescribed for the offense charged."[3]x x x
A person in custody for a period equal to or more than the minimum of the principal penalty prescribed for the offense charged, without application of the Indeterminate Sentence Law or any modifying circumstance, shall be released on a reduced bail or on his own recognizance, at the discretion of the court.
[O]n October 11, 1996, [he] issued a Warrant of Arrest for the immediate arrest of accused JOEY SAILAN. However, accused JOEY SAILAN was not arrested for being at large and the Warrant of Arrest was returned unserved; On May 30, 1997, [he] issued an Order sending the records of this case to the file of the archived cases, and issued Alias Warrant of Arrest; On June 4, 1997, accused JOEY SAILAN was arrested; On June 5, 1997, accused JOEY SAILAN through counsel ATTY. MITA Q. MARTINEZ, from the Public Attorney's Office (PAO) filed a motion for release on Recognizance; On June 6, 1997, [respondent judge] citing Second Paragraph Section 13, Rule 114 of our 1985 Rules on Criminal Procedure denied said motion for release on Recognizance; that counsel for the accused inspite of having received a copy of said Order of Denial did not file any motion for reconsideration; On June 16, 1997, another motion for release on recognizance was filed by VIVIAN G. SANCHEZ - a Social Welfare Officer II; that because of the standing Order of Denial of this Court dated June 6, 1997 denying the first motion filed by PAO lawyer - ATTY. MITA Q. MARTINEZ has not been reconsidered because said lawyer did not ask for reconsideration , the second motion filed by VIVIAN G. SANCHEZ was denied by this Court in its Order dated June 17, 1997 and this second movant VIVIAN G. SANCHEZ inspite of having received the Order of Denial of this Court did not asked [sic] for a reconsideration.[6]Respondent judge particularly denied the charge of abuse of authority stating that the denial of the release on recognizance of Joey Sailan was predicated on the second paragraph of Section 13, Rule 114 of the 1985 of Rules on Criminal Procedure. Moreover, the movants therein allegedly did not ask for reconsideration of the assailed orders. He likewise denied having uttered that "I am the law and everything is at my discretion." According to respondent judge, he merely advised the complainant to instruct her lawyers to file a motion for reconsideration.[7]
Respondent Judge explains that accused could not be released on recognizance because he had just been arrested and that he had not yet been in custody for a period equal to or more than the minimum of the principal penalty prescribed for the offense charged, as provided for in Section 13 of Rule 114 of the 1985 Rules on Criminal Procedure.The Court Administrator then recommended that a fine of two thousand pesos (P2,000.00) be imposed on respondent judge with the warning that a repetition of the same or similar acts in the future would be dealt with more severely.[9]
Respondent Judge's explanation is but proof of his ignorance of the law. Section 15, Rule 114 of the 1985 Rules on Criminal Procedure, as amended by Administrative Circular No. 12-94, effective October 1, 1994, provides that:"Whenever allowed pursuant to law or these Rules, the Court may release a person in custody on his own recognizance or that of a responsible person."And being a youthful offender, he being but thirteen years of age at the time of arrest, under Article 191, P.D. 603 (The Child and Youth Welfare Code), he may be committed to the care of the Department of Social Welfare or the local rehabilitation center or a detention house."A youthful offender held for physical or mental examination or trial or pending appeal, if unable to furnish bail, shall from the time of his arrest be committed to the care of the Department of Social Welfare or the local rehabilitation center or a detention home in the province or city which shall be responsible for his appearance in court whenever required; Provided, That in the absence of any such center or agency within a reasonable distance from the venue of the trial, the provincial, city and municipal jail shall provide quarters for youthful offenders separate from other detainees. The court may, in its discretion, upon recommendation of the Department of Social Welfare or other agency or agencies authorized by the Court, release a youthful offender on recognizance, to the custody of his parents or other suitable person who shall be responsible for his appearance whenever required.Respondent Judge should have taken into consideration that as a minor the accused should not have been mingled with other detainees. His continued exposure to the harsh conditions prevailing in a prison would eventually affect his rehabilitation.[8]
Art. 191. Case of Youthful Offender Held for Examination or Trial - A youthful offender held for physical or mental examination or trial or pending appeal, if unable to furnish bail, shall from the time of his arrest be committed to the care of the Department of Social Welfare or the local rehabilitation center or a detention home in the province or city which shall be responsible for his appearance in court whenever required; Provided, That in the absence of any such center or agency within a reasonable distance from the venue of the trial, the provincial, city and municipal jail shall provide quarters for youthful offenders separate from other detainees. The court may, in its discretion, upon recommendation of the Department of Social Welfare and Development or other agency or agencies authorized by the Court, release a youthful offender on recognizance, to the custody of his parents or other suitable person who shall be responsible for his appearance whenever required. However, in the case of those whose cases fall under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Military Tribunals, they may be committed at any military detention or rehabilitation center.The foregoing provision sets forth the following guidelines in cases where a minor is held or arrested:
In this case, respondent judge, in clear violation of the above provision, did not order Sailan's commitment to the DSWD or any other rehabilitation center. Instead, as found by the Court Administrator, respondent judge allowed Sailan's continued detention in the municipal jail consequently exposing him to the harsh conditions therein.
1) Immediately upon arrest, the judge shall order that the minor be committed to the care of the DSWD, local rehabilitation center or a detention home in the said province or city. The said agency or center entity shall be responsible for the minor's appearance during trial; 2) In absence of such agency or center within a reasonable distance from the venue of the trial, the provincial, city or municipal jail shall provide quarters for the minor separate from the adult detainees; 3) Upon recommendation of the DSWD or any other authorized agency, the judge may, in his discretion, release the minor on recognizance to his parents or other suitable person who shall be responsible for his appearance when required; and 4) In those cases falling under the exclusive jurisdiction of the military tribunal, the minor may be committed at any military detention or rehabilitation.
Whenever allowed pursuant to law or these Rules, the court may release a person in custody on his own recognizance or that of a responsible person.In fine, respondent judge had failed to live up to the norms embodied in the Code of Judicial Conduct particularly that which enjoins judges to "be faithful to the law and maintain professional competence."[11] Indeed, respondent judge owes to the public and to the legal profession to know the law he is supposed to apply to a given controversy.[12]